These are better points that actually have something to do with the article. I may have seen harsh in reply to the parent comment, but that's because that comment didn't address the article whatsoever, nor did it add anything to the discussion like you did.
I don't have a perfect answer for you, but this article is a great place to start. Focus on the fundamentals of the language first, then the tools he provides here will let you build apps. The reason things are this complicated is because JS basically comes with basically no standard library and the need for javascript escalated extremely quickly before tooling could catch up. Now there's been a tooling explosion so it can be hard to find out what's best and how to learn it.
Get started with simple scripts, learn the Javascript basics he talks about, the built-in functions and classes, ES6, etc. Then move on to basic DOM manipulation, then the frameworks like React to let you build more complicated features without worrying about the DOM nodes themselves.
"how do you have enough time to observe it and test it properly in production or wherever?"
I certainly don't have time to use them in production, but with most I just look at the documentation and see what I think of the philosophies they use. Once you know the fundamentals of the language, simply reading their examples usually gives a pretty good idea. Then if I want to try it I'll download example code, mess around with it, and see what does what.
"I don't see a new framework every month as a good thing, the frameworks don't mature in your environment and neither does my deep understanding of the framework"
I'll give an example of why I think this is a good thing. React has been around for about 3 years ago and at this point it's probably the thing most people are going to go for when they are starting a new app. It's mature, robust, well tested, and well proven. It's a rock in the JS world that brings new features occasionally but doesn't break past features and remains strong and consistent. There has also been an explosion of frameworks that use the same philosophy as React, declartive UI that is expressed as a function of state, and resolved using a virtual DOM. These can't really compete with React yet, but they have helped improve React. For example, Inferno, which has almost the exact same API as React, has some great tricks for extremely fast rendering, and the people who work on React have expressed interest in using those ideas.
In the end, yes there's a new framework every month, but the tools that people are really using in production aren't really changing too quickly. Focus on the things that are mature, and there isn't much fatigue to wrry about.
"People in the JS world, at least to me seem like, hmm, this does not sound cool anymore let's change it up with this."
Guilty as charged. Part of the reason for this is that it's so easy since every computer has a browser and trying something can be as simple as adding a script tag. I love trying new things, though in the end in production I've been writing in React with Webpack, Babel, and some of my own self-built libraries for a while now without much changing since not much about that needs to change. I remember trying out Redux when it got big and loved the ideas so much that I wrote a similar state management tool that fits my needs better, and I've added that to my app but haven't changed much in the grand scheme of things to do it. I basically just learned some principals and applied them.