Earlier quoted context omitted.
I think it just depends on what type of web application/site you are making. For a simple site, it's probably not that big of a deal to hook in jQuery and write some basic scripts. In my limited experience, if you are writing a Single Page Application, it gets really hard to rationalize changes when everything is hooked in through the DOM. It also gets pretty expensive with mobile browsers as DOM elements carry a hug…
I agree with you about jQuery getting quickly out of hand if you want to create something like a one page app and you should certainly use something like React or Angular. I do use it. But to do a quick Ajax post, read some data and display a message or show and hide something jQuery is awesome. To tie a quick event listener to a dropdown and do something or to find children of some element jQuery is still few lines…
I think it really depends on how you structure your HTML as well; having tortured myself into learning Angular has really helped with understanding how to think about data structures as opposed to strict DOM elements and this has carried over to how I write javascript nowadays.
One thing that I will mention is that I have worked really hard to not use jQuery over the last year, so my preferences may not be shared by you. I guess it depends on what is quicker and easier to maintain for you.