Earlier quoted context omitted.
A mouthpiece media of the CCP ! So if the NYT reports on the results of an amazing research from the JPL, you'll not believe it, right?
Uh, the situations are not analogous. People.cn is the website of the [People's Daily][1], which is a longstanding, official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party. Not figuratively or in the sense of having a slant or something, but it's literally the Party's official newspaper. It's tempting to equate it to Voice of America, but even VoR is managed quite differently. There's not a direct equivalent in the US pres…
China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
201–210 of 235 posts
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#202Earlier quoted context omitted.
The very high cost of fission has a lot to do with how nasty, awkward, long-lasting and expensive the fuel and waste are. We really won't know until we try building a power plant.
Much of the nasty stuff comes from the fact that current (light water) reactors were actually meant to produce military plutonium. Bombs first. Energy was a by-product, and a very nice way to sell nuke-making to the civilians. There is another way of doing fission, that was demonstrated (working prototype and all) in the 60's: molten salt. You basically dissolve the fissile matter in molten salt, provide initial heat…
To quote "Technologies Underlying Weapons of Mass Destruction",
Reactor-grade plutonium recovered from civilian reactors differs from weapon-grade plutonium in the relative proportions of various plutonium isotopes. Reactor-grade plutonium has a higher rate of spontaneous fission reactions than weapon-grade, generating neutrons that can initiate the nuclear chain reaction during weapon detonation sooner than would be optimal. As a result, using reactor-grade plutonium in a first generation nuclear weapon can significantly reduce both the predictability and the expected yield of a weapon designed by a proliferant state.
None of the states that have either made nuclear weapons or attempted to do so appear to have selected anything but high-quality plutonium or uranium for their designs. Nevertheless, from a technical perspective, reactor grade plutonium can be used to make nuclear weapons, and any state possessing significant quantities of separated plutonium should be considered to have the material needed to fabricate nuclear components for nuclear explosive devices in a short period of time.
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ota/9344.pdf
If you want to seize on the part where it says that one could build bombs from civilian reactor waste even though it's less straightforward and no nuclear weapons state has ever done that, then I'll point out that the thorium fuel cycle likewise could be used for bombs even though no NWS has ever taken that path (Quoting LANL's "Thorium Based Power Systems and Relevant Safeguards Considerations"):
Thorium is not safeguarded until it is converted into fuel materials. It would seem that if the starting point for uranium safeguards is moved up and thorium begins to play a larger role in the global nuclear establishment, then thorium safeguards should move to the equivalent point in the thorium fuel cycle.
Unlike thorium, U-233 is subject to stringent safeguards. An SQ of U-233 is only 8 Kg, the same as plutonium. U-233 is a highly desirable weapons material despite any practical U-232 content. According to the material attractiveness studies done at LANL, PNNL and LLNL, the additional dose from U-232 decay products is insufficient to stop a determined adversary. While it may be somewhat beneficial to physical protection, the dose rate is not high enough to incapacitate workers. Dose rates can be greatly reduced with shielding and military personnel handling a fabricated weapon should be able to have reasonable dose rates using established techniques. For example, the pit can be stored in lead shielding and only placed in the weapon immediately before use.
http://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lare...
The actual military lineage of civilian LWRs is that the US Navy developed pressurized water reactors fueled with enriched uranium to power vessels in the 1950s, starting with USS Nautilus. That variety of reactor had the fewest unknowns when the civilian nuclear industry first developed in the US and the path dependency effects continue today.
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#203Earlier quoted context omitted.
The "nuclear waste is.. nuclear waste" bit is a thoughtless, easy jab that plays on the unfounded fear of nuclear energy. Safely stored nuclear waste isn't a danger to anybody. I also don't like how the rest of the video continues to try to put nuclear in a bad light, going as far as implying it's not "clean energy".
> Safely stored nuclear waste isn't a danger to anybody. You can not claim that without a credible plan to store it until it's no longer hot, however long that takes.
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#204Earlier quoted context omitted.
> Safely stored nuclear waste isn't a danger to anybody. You can not claim that without a credible plan to store it until it's no longer hot, however long that takes.
Is it more dangerous than Global Warming, though? If Global Warming is really coming, and really as dangerous as people say, then who gives a damn about some nuclear waste? Build the plants now, we'll have plenty of time to figure out what to do with any waste when we aren't underwater.
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#205Earlier quoted context omitted.
You are demonstrating awareness of the point being made: if scientific fraud was as rampant here as it is in China, Theranos wouldn't even be remarkable and still unknown. But it is in fact rare enough to cause scandal. If you want to keep that attitude and make non-contributory quips, go back to Reddit. It is not appreciated here.
Most of Big Pharma's medicines don't actually work. As in, they don't work to cure the underlying condition. They work to treat the symptoms, and thereby require you to take the medicine fairly indefinitely if you want to by symptom free, side effects notwithstanding. Thereby extracting economic value from the generally unwell and ageing population and concentrating it in the hands of Big Pharma. In that way I see mo…
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#206Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#207Earlier quoted context omitted.
Land utilization is the issue. The largest solar farms in the US requires an order of magnitude more land to produce the same amount of power as a relatively average nuclear plant. The largest solar farm in the US, the Topaz Solar Farm in California, covers 25sq/km has a peak generation capacity of 550MW. The source uses the median of the 59 nuclear plants in the US to arrive at its 3.36sq/km (1.3sq/mile) per 1,000MW…
More importantly, with fusion, energy could become significantly cheaper allowing us to do things which weren't economically viable. Make everything out of environmentally friendly, lighter and long lasting aluminium rather than steel + concrete. Have street lighting that is as bright as sunlight over entire cities, allowing us to no longer be dependant on time of day. Growing food crops indoors with artificial light…
Please, no. Some of what you said I'm onboard with, but definitely not this. The human impact of perpetual day is large and negative. The negative impact of massive artificial lighting on astronomy is also quite massive.
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#208Earlier quoted context omitted.
Yes. That also makes it difficult to scale up to energy production - now you need to route a bunch of cooling water plumbing and heat exchangers around it, engineer it to transfer the bulk of the reactor heat output to the cooling water without melting any heat exchangers, then build a turbine/generator rig to attach to it. Might possibly need an extra water loop too, depending on how much neutron flux ends up hittin…
The bulk of the reactor heat needs to stay in the reactor though, doesn't it? as that is essential in keeping the reaction going? How does that affect the economics?
All of the reactions we've generated so far have a low to nonexistent reaction rate, because the reaction generates lots of heat, and the research reactor designs we're using don't have a way to extract that heat at power-generation levels. To build a power reactor, we'll have to maintain the reaction temperature, at which massive amounts of heat are generated, and extract that heat to keep the temperature stable.
Designing the heat transfer for that is sure to be fun. I don't know the temperature of the burning plasma, but I'm sure it's insanely high compared to any kind of conventional material or process. So somebody has to design a system to transfer GigaWatts of heat from a burning plasma at effectively infinite temperature to some perfectly ordinary water at a controlled rate without melting anything.
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#209Earlier quoted context omitted.
Fusion produces energetic neutrons, and energetic neutrons are a very good way to make things radioactive. So all the popular approaches create waste that is more radioactive than fission waste, and probably comparable in volume. The only up side is that the decay products have a shorter half life. So the waste will only be a problem for a century or so, instead of for millennia. This may be better than fission, but…
> The only up side is that the decay products have a shorter half life. So the waste will only be a problem for a century or so, instead of for millennia. This sounds like a tremendous underestimation of the problem - handling waste. We have people who live 'for a century or so' but we don't even have languages (now!) that have lasted a millenia.
Wut?
Re: China’s ‘Artificial Sun’ achieves fusion breakthrough
#210Earlier quoted context omitted.
Re: 2) it's already working, it's just the energy in isn't less than the energy out yet (but it's constantly getting better). Harnessing fossil fuels for cheap energy was so revolutionary that it's necessary for almost all aspects of our life. It would be great to do that with hydrogen too.
I get what your saying, but I wouldn't consider something to be working if it requires more energy in than it produces. It's not like people are questioning whether we could ever produce a fusion reaction. We're questioning whether it's actually viable as an energy source.