Earlier quoted context omitted.
I am nearing the end of medical school now, and I can assure you there are many surgeons who consistently work 80-90 hours/wk. I see it most often in surgeons who have subspecialized and do extremely technical work. Family, social, laundry, food, etc, all become things that you take care of whenever you get a free second. It's very, very difficult to describe the path a person takes to get to that point, but the prof…
Isn't that a little backwards though? The more surgeons there are, the more the work could be spread out, and the hours would be saner.
2.) The federal government controls the number of residency slots each year, through Medicare funding for residency programs. I don't pretend to know the details of how it works, but my impression is that to get more residents per year, you need to convince Congress that it's necessary.
3.) Classic chicken-and-egg problem. Any medical student can go into surgery if they want to, unless their performance up till that point is seriously below par. However, there are many other specialties that offer more attractive lifestyles. So to increase the number of students who choose to do surgery, you'd need to find a way of signaling to students that the life of a surgeon isn't all back-to-back divorces, microwave dinners, and 80-90hr work weeks.