My theory is that everything is a mess, once you get close enough to notice. Every profession that appears as if its practitioners know what they're doing really is a shocking hodge-podge of temporary solutions, strung together by proverbial duct tape. From doctors to flight engineers to anything else that you thought was running like a smooth machine. Programming is no different.
It was like trying to write code without being able to compile or run it. The only way it "worked" was a massive framework of tricks and hacks and legal duct tape, and even then errors were common.