Earlier quoted context omitted.
I agree with your suggestions for human assessment because of problem posed by food calories varying significantly due to different preparations. Take for example soda, if I gave you a picture of soda in a glass could you tell it was diet or regular? You might scoff at such an edge case but it quickly becomes more common when looking into food perpetration techniques. This is why caloric estimation is a really diffic…
How is that " the calories of a meal do not equal the sum of it's parts"? That seems to violate the laws of thermodynamics.
Biology is not thermodynamics. Humans are not perfect combustion engines.