For my research I used PyQt/PySide to build lots of UI components for controlling my lab equipment, visualizing my data and running code in an interactive way. While doing this kind of thing using a native toolkit (MFC, GTK) would have been possible, it would probably have been much difficult and time-consuming.
For me, Qt is a great example of beautiful and very good software architecture: Creating a cross-platform UI kit that works on platforms as diverse as Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android and Symbian and integrates well with the peculiar set of features of each platform is a daunting task. Qt as a UI abstraction layer solves this really beautifully, and both the philosophy and the architecture of the code is very well thought through. And in the last five years the developers added many interesting ideas (QML, Javascript support) that compete with and sometimes go beyond what's available in many native toolkits. So if you like reading good code you should have a look at Qt.