Earlier quoted context omitted.
http://www.citylab.com/politics/2012/06/birth-zoning-codes-h...
I know. Something under the name "zoning" is recent. My point was that the general concept (municipal governments not just letting you build whatever you feel like because of the surrounding area) is much older and more universal.
"Before zoning, cities mostly regulated what could be built through nuisance laws. If someone didn't like how their neighbor was using their property, they could haul them to trial and let a judge decide what to do about it."
That's not zoning by any modern definition. It was piecemeal lawsuits with varying levels of effectiveness. There was no comprehensive "you can build this thing here, but not here" plan in place. If you read further into the article you'll see that in Manhattan it was the inability to control what was being built that directly led to the adoption of an actual zoning plan.
So there was a (long) period in American cities in which people were generally building whatever they wanted wherever they liked. This is further outlined in a book I really like "Dead End: Suburban Sprawl and the Rebirth of American Urbanism" which talks about how zoning codes and covenants conspired together to produce the modern American suburb.