>There are plenty of ways that upper management can stay in the dark.
If they knew about it, they were wrong. If the didn't know about it, they were derelict/incompetent in their duty to supervise, AKA, wrong.
> In the case of Deepwater Horizon, BP didn't make the decisions that lead to the blowout, but created excessive pressure for cost-cutting.
Oil drilling operations are very much different from any other company structure/hierarchy you are probably familiar with. BP's "Company Man" (Jobsite supervisor) made those decisions and BP gets to own the consequences. BP also made a lot of other poor decisions along the way, and afterward, which are also their responsibility. None of the parties comes out of the DWH disaster looking good, but BP gets primary responsibility, and they earned it.