What if states earned their Electoral College votes based on turnout?

Your lack of representation argument can be extended to "captured" demographics. Lets say 99% of teachers vote for party X, which is actually pretty accurate. Then party X has no need whatsoever to represent the needs of teachers because they're guaranteed all the votes no matter what they do in office. Likewise no teachers vote for party Y by the definition of being a captured demographic. That means party Y has no need to represent teachers because there is no reward. Or rephrased, a captured demographic will not be represented because one party has no negative consequences, and the other has no positive consequences.

Its not so much an effect of voting as it is primary nomination effect. Also voting isn't necessarily the most important support, the PACs providing election funding are the most important form of support.

Many people are members of captive demographics, meaning they are un-represented. Teachers, blacks, anti-abortion, feminists, more or less every orientation other than straight... When you cross off all of them, there's not much actual representing going on, for something calling itself a representative government.

One reason I often don't vote is the only minimal impact I can make due to extreme gerrymandering is to protest the system. Here's one non-vote proclaiming I'm not represented. I think the stats showing 4/5 of the population feel UN-represented are if anything an understatement of the facts. Probably less than 5% of the population are represented at this time, the rest of the voters are just ill informed.

Another reason not to vote that you missed, voting is kind of an opiate of the masses to let them think they can provide input, which of course they cannot. Once you understand that, its pointless. Participating in voting is like people looking for religious enlightenment in opiates, you can delude yourself but it doesn't really accomplish anything. Whats in it for me to knowingly delude myself?

The final reason not to vote is rebellion. Blind irrational faith in the election system is as close to an established state secular religion we have. Not voting is as rebellious as being the only guy without tattoos or the only guy without body piercings. Not voting is religious apostasy. I'm about as likely to start voting as I am to throw stones at known adulterers or own a Canadian as a biblical slave.

There are other reasons like pragmatically the results of voting are bad governments, but thats a long debate.

Wish I could read these maps, but I'm red-green color blind (like 8% of men). Please consider using different colors or some additional indicator to show this information.

I've lived in voting districts where the election was in the basement of my dorm, in the suburban subdivision's elementary school, and in a rural area where voting was a good 10 minute highway drive. Obviously theres a big difference in "get out the vote" when one voter is pound on the dorm door and tell them to press the "B" button in the elevator, than some rural district where each voter represents like a quart of gasoline burned.

[1]: https://github.com/JuliaGraphics/Colors.jl#simulation-of-col...