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As she works in the public sector, we would like to broaden her employment prospects and looking at most J/Ds for Data Scientists or similar stats based roles programming is a must.
So which is the most suitable language to learn? Python? R?
TLDR; Data Scientists, what did you start out learning? What worked? What would you do differently?
Five years ago I would have said "R", but Python enthusiasts have been replicating what R does in Python at a frantic pace, and R will never really replicate what Python brings to the table.
The holy grail is something like: feed in some data, or parameters and have an algorithm generate the corresponding correct Bayesian inference and posterior distribution. It's very easy for scientists, even with years of knowledge and experience, to implement things incorrectly ;)
Check out Stan and Figaro:
https://www.cra.com/technical-expertise/probabilistic-modeli...
If you can learn more than one I would recommend learning R as well, rather than other technologies such as octave or matlab..