"It is not what you do, it is what you sell" -- Capitalism -- welcome to America.
"Not everybody is passionate for engineering" -- You could probably find a place to work where everyone is passionate about engineering, but I sense that these places are uncommon and highly competitive.
"it is almost impossible to get 2 hours straight of coding for me. I spend most of my time trying to figure out how others’ uncommented/undoumented code work, debugging strange things..." -- That doesn't count?
"The world outside is not known here a lot." -- This is probably symptomatic of the time when Microsoft was the center of the universe. It's not true everywhere.
"Copy-pasting code can be okay. If somebody sees you doing this outside the corporations, you’ll probably get punched in the face. I’ve seen source files copy pasted across projects." -- In college, you have to show that you can do the assignment yourself. In the open source world, you have to be mindful of copyright and licensing. Inside a company, it's all the company's code, so there's nothing wrong with it. You don't have to prove that you can write it yourself.
"Almost 90% of my colleagues use older versions of Office, Windows, Visual Studio and .NET Framework." -- It's pretty common knowledge that that's true outside of Microsoft, but it's interesting to know that it's true inside.
"You are hired to do get something needed done. I was not expecting that. It’s hard to find a position in corporations matches what you love to do." -- Again, capitalism. You make things for other people, not yourself.
There's always a tension between competing priorities; the thrill of engineering something wonderful, the reality of being part of an organization made up of people, and the need to keep money coming in the door. A lot of things are just facts of life, but an environment can also become toxic. At that point you have to leave.