I learned python about a month ago and was able to solve all three parts of this problem correctly (part C was the most difficult). My code was poorly optimized, but with some careful forethought, python's bottlenecks were not too problematic.
The first two parts were very easy with only brute force by working thru the square root of the full range once, caching the numbers, and using that cache. I don't see why people (including the auhor) recalculated the numbers for each goven range, especially in part B which required 10k such ranges.
That said, my python code, as a relative newbie, took 10s to cache all fair and square numbers from 1 to 10^14. I ran thru from 1 to 10^7, checked if palindromic using strings, and if good checked the square. (there were only 39 such numbers in total). I then ran all 10k answers in seconds.
Part C was MUCH more tricky, until I discovered the same trick most others found, that only some of the square root palindromes are valid with digits 0, 1, and 2. That said, as a python n00b, my code took 40 mins to run the range from 1 to 10^100. I asked the google staff if pre-caching is allowed, and they said yes, as long as my code to generate the pre-cache is provided wih my submission.
Properly optimizing my python would probably give similar performance. But the point is that with a bit of forethought, even poorly-optimized python code by a newbie was sufficient to solve all three parts of this question.