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CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

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Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#91
post #37

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm sure I've seen basic hill climbing (and other optimisation algorithms) described as AI, and then used evidence of AI solving real-world science/engineering problems.

I am somewhat cynically waiting for the AI community to rediscover the last half a century of linear algebra and optimisation techniques. At some point someone will realise that backpropagation and adjoint solves are the same thing.

I am sure they are aware...

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#92
post #37

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm sure I've seen basic hill climbing (and other optimisation algorithms) described as AI, and then used evidence of AI solving real-world science/engineering problems.

I am somewhat cynically waiting for the AI community to rediscover the last half a century of linear algebra and optimisation techniques. At some point someone will realise that backpropagation and adjoint solves are the same thing.

There are plenty of smart people in the "AI community" already who know it. Smugly commenting does not replace actual work. If you have real insight and can make something perform better, I guarantee you that many people will listen (I don't mean twitter influencers but the actual field). If you don't know any serious researcher in AI, I have my doubts that you have any insight to offer.

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#93

A bit of hype in the AI wording here. This could be called a chip with hardcoded logic obtained with machine learning

ML is part of AI, and has always been. AI is not equal to chatgpt and AI wasn't coined/conceived in November 2022.

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#94
post #83
post #82

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This is essentially what any relu based neural network approximately looks like (smoother variants have replaced the original ramp function). AI, even LLMs, essentially reduce to a bunch of code like let v0 = 0 let v1 = 0.40978399*(0.616*u + 0.291*v) let v2 = if 0 > v1 then 0 else v1 let v3 = 0 let v4 = 0.377928*(0.261*u + 0.468*v) let v5 = if 0 > v4 then 0 else v4...

Thats a bit far. Relu does check x>0 but thats just one non-linearity in the linear/non-linear sandwich that makes up universal function approximator theorem. Its more conplex than just x>0

Multiply-accumulate, then clamp negative values to zero. Every even-numbered variable is a weighted sum plus a bias (an affine transformation), and every odd-numbered variable is the ReLU gate (max(0, x)). Layer 2 feeds on the ReLU outputs of layer 1, and the final output is a plain linear combination of the last ReLU outputs

    // inputs: u, v
    // --- hidden layer 1 (3 neurons) ---
    let v0  = 0.616*u + 0.291*v - 0.135
    let v1  = if 0 > v0 then 0 else v0
    let v2  = -0.482*u + 0.735*v + 0.044
    let v3  = if 0 > v2 then 0 else v2
    let v4  = 0.261*u - 0.553*v + 0.310
    let v5  = if 0 > v4 then 0 else v4
    // --- hidden layer 2 (2 neurons) ---
    let v6  = 0.410*v1 - 0.378*v3 + 0.528*v5 + 0.091
    let v7  = if 0 > v6 then 0 else v6
    let v8  = -0.194*v1 + 0.617*v3 - 0.291*v5 - 0.058
    let v9  = if 0 > v8 then 0 else v8
    // --- output layer (binary classification) ---
    let v10 = 0.739*v7 - 0.415*v9 + 0.022
    // sigmoid squashing v10 into the range (0, 1)
    let out = 1 / (1 + exp(-v10))

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#97

They used a custom neural net with autoencoders, which contain convolutional layers. They trained it on previous experiment data. https://arxiv.org/html/2411.19506v1 Why is it so hard to elaborate what AI algorithm / technique they integrate? Would have made this article much better

I'm half expecting to see "AI model" appearing as stand-in for "linear regression" at this point in the cycle.

There is an HIGGS dataset [1]. As name suggest, it is designed to apply machine learning to recognize Higgs bozon.

[1] https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/HIGGS

In my experiments, linear regression with extended (addition of squared values) attributes is very much competitive in accuracy terms with reported MLP accuracy.

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#98
post #88

I've got news for you, everybody with a modern cpu uses this, which use a perceptron for branch prediction.

At this point AI basically means "we didn't know how to solve the problem so we just threw a black box at it".

I disagree. More often than not is "We know how to solve the problem, and the solution is some linear algebra"

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#99
post #97

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm half expecting to see "AI model" appearing as stand-in for "linear regression" at this point in the cycle.

There is an HIGGS dataset [1]. As name suggest, it is designed to apply machine learning to recognize Higgs bozon. [1] https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/HIGGS In my experiments, linear regression with extended (addition of squared values) attributes is very much competitive in accuracy terms with reported MLP accuracy.

The LHC has moved on a bit since then. Here's an open dataset that one collaboration used to train a transformer:

https://opendata-qa.cern.ch/record/93940

if you can beat it with linear regression we'd be happy to know.

Re: CERN uses ultra-compact AI models on FPGAs for real-time LHC data filtering

#100
post #50

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Because if it’s not an LLM it’s not good for the current hype cycle. Calling everything AI makes the line go up.

LLMs also make the cynicism go up among the HN crowd.

Hm. Is HN starting to become more skeptical of LLMs? For the past couple of years, HN has seemed worryingly enthusiastic about LLMs.
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