Live data from Hacker News

TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

blueorigin.com

91–100 of 116 posts

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#91
post #85

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Debris moves in 3D. Debris moving up will continue moving up. There is no force acting on it to bring it back down. Your comment makes it sound like an explosion would only be in 2D along the same orbit as the original object.

> There is no force acting on it to bring it back down. Gravity? But also orbital dynamics (at least as I understand it) means debris that debris that is flung up is going to have a more oval orbit, so the high point (apogee) increases and the low point (perigee) decreases. And a lower perigee means more atmospheric drag, which will help deorbit the debris.

>means debris that debris that is flung up is going to have a more oval orbit, so the high point (apogee) increases and the low point (perigee) decreases. And a lower perigee means more atmospheric drag, which will help deorbit the debris.

Not quite.

If you are at apogee and accelerate, your perigee will be raised. If you are at perigee and accelerate, your apogee will be raised. You can't increase your apogee and perigee at the same time.

If the impulse is in the direction of orbit, then the altitude of your orbit 180 degrees from your current position will raise. If the impulse is against your orbital direction, your height 180 deg away will be lowered. Once you complete an entire orbit (360 degrees) you will pass through your current position again.

If you wish to move to a higher, circular orbit two impulses are required, 180 deg apart.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#92
post #82

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> whilst orbits are fast satellite manoeuvres are slow, so the notice you need to avoid a conjunction is measured in hours rather than seconds I'm not arguing against collisions becoming more likely. I'm arguing aginst it becoming commonplace to the point that it becomes a commercial concern. > satellite manoeuvres use up a finite supply of expensively-launched propellant Nobody is plane changing out of a collision.…

> e.g. magnetic station-keeping I've not kept up for decades now .. what's the state of solar powered magnetorquers these days? I'd quietly assumed it would be more commonplace. I dimly recall a couple of small satellites magnetically locking fifteen or so years past?

> what's the state of solar powered magnetorquers these days?

Academic. We don't currently have a pressing need for reactionless thrust in the magnetosphere. Each of semiconductors, launch vehicles and telecommunications standards are moving faster than satellites last.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#93

Assuming all these companies are interested in launching their own constellations of ~10K-100K satellites into L/MEO, how many companies could actually do this before cascading collisions starts becoming a real worry?

What your describing is called Kessler Syndrome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome ... It is a very real possibility, but less of a problem below 550km altitude because the decay time is much shorter (and why all of these mega constellations tend to stay at lower altitude, even though ~1000km is generally better for a communications satellite).

> It is a very real possibility

It's really not. Not in the popularly-portrayed manner. Militaries have been researching how to intentionally cause such a cascade in even a limited orbit. To my knowledge, there isn't a solution.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#94

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Orbits are predictable, but they intersect and decay [at different rates] and occasionally get perturbed by space weather. This already needs periodic conjunction avoidance manoeuvres, and whilst orbits are fast satellite manoeuvres are slow , so the notice you need to avoid a conjunction is measured in hours rather than seconds. Can't imagine a scenario in which it would be sustainable for LEO to even approach the d…

> whilst orbits are fast satellite manoeuvres are slow, so the notice you need to avoid a conjunction is measured in hours rather than seconds I'm not arguing against collisions becoming more likely. I'm arguing aginst it becoming commonplace to the point that it becomes a commercial concern. > satellite manoeuvres use up a finite supply of expensively-launched propellant Nobody is plane changing out of a collision.…

> I'm not arguing against collisions becoming more likely. I'm arguing against it becoming commonplace to the point that it becomes a commercial concern.

Minimising collision risk already is a commercial concern, and the number of conjunction avoidance manoeuvres SpaceX takes in order to achieve this has been growing exponentially (which presumably is a major factor driving their move of 4k satellites to a lower orbit which involves more station keeping) Obviously this gets harder when most of the satellites avoiding their orbits coming too close don't have the same owner, particularly if some of the other megaconstellations aren't even particularly cooperative (hi China!)

> Nobody is plane changing out of a collision. And for the foreseeable future, in LEO, the birds are not propellant constrained. (And launch is getting cheaper.)

No which is why I mentioned the fact that constellations pre-emptively plane change to avoid conjunctions. The frequency with which they have to do this scales superlinearly with the number of satellites operating in or intersecting the orbital plane. Ultimately propellant use for those manoeuvres and station keeping defines the satellite lifetime: agree it's not a huge problem when a satellite is only making small orbital changes a handful of times a year and its got a decent sized delta-v budget for station keeping and EoL deorbiting anyway, but another 70k satellites in the same plane would require quite a lot more adjustments, never mind them operating at aircraft density as proposed earlier.

> We're decades away from this being a problem. That gives ample runtime to developing e.g. magnetic station-keeping (if we go reactionless) or more-efficient engines.

Depends how fast the satellites get put up there (and also whether orbital megastructures become a reality, although non-trivial numbers of them actually might be decades away). There's some scope to improve propulsive efficiency (hi colleagues!), but within the power/mass constraints of a smallsat, you're not likely to see orders of magnitude more improvement in specific impulse over current gen EP, and we are forecast to need orders of magnitude more avoidance manoeuvres, which is generally going to mean more reaction mass. Sure, if we get reactionless propulsion suited for precise orbital changes in LEO then we can forget all about the tyranny of the rocket equation, but hey, if we perfect flying cars we won't have to think about the implications of congestion on the roads!

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#95

Assuming all these companies are interested in launching their own constellations of ~10K-100K satellites into L/MEO, how many companies could actually do this before cascading collisions starts becoming a real worry?

> cascading collisions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#96
post #82

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> e.g. magnetic station-keeping I've not kept up for decades now .. what's the state of solar powered magnetorquers these days? I'd quietly assumed it would be more commonplace. I dimly recall a couple of small satellites magnetically locking fifteen or so years past?

> what's the state of solar powered magnetorquers these days? Academic. We don't currently have a pressing need for reactionless thrust in the magnetosphere. Each of semiconductors, launch vehicles and telecommunications standards are moving faster than satellites last.

Thanks for the reply.

> Each of semiconductors, launch vehicles and telecommunications standards are moving faster than satellites last.

That's certainly a pragmatic cost based argument for not using them in the fast moving world of commercial magnetosphere constellations.

> Academic.

I feel they've moved past academic and transitioned to deployed .. at some evolution of implementation. Not commercially relevant is certainly one state of play.

I guess I was more interested in the nonlinear control issue in a field of highly variable intensity.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#97

Interesting there is an optical networking option for end users (claims ~6TBps). Maybe a really dumb question, but how would the end user's ground station maintain connectivity during cloudy weather? Do they have cloud-penetrating lasers from the MEO satellites? Would that interfere with aircraft, astronomy tools, etc? Some short googling says they have lasers that clear a path for a data carrying beam, but that seem…

With both RF and optical you could see FEC or ARQ being used for something that isn't 100% signal loss. Downlink is optical, uplink is RF. Downlink transmits with FEC, user terminal fixes as many errors as possible, still missing packets so requests ARQ and either gets retransmission on optical or RF.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#98
post #21

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's not a Leo competitor, it's a different type of service offering.

Fair enough, I was misremembering the higher end of Leo's bandwidth (1Gbps down/400Kbps up). Doesn't really intersect with TeraWave at all

So the difference here is bandwidth throughput/speed?

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#99

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Things you put in orbit at a certain elevation don't stay at that elevation forever.

Presumably, there would be a corridor for traveling through elevations whether that was for reaching orbit or de-orbiting. The people placing things in orbit are not doing this with out coordination.

There are in fact many objects that deorbit in an exceedingly uncoordinated manner. It's a statistical inevitability that kessler syndrome is in our very near future if we allow higher orbits to be polluted.

Re: TeraWave Satellite Communications Network

#100
post #98

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Fair enough, I was misremembering the higher end of Leo's bandwidth (1Gbps down/400Kbps up). Doesn't really intersect with TeraWave at all

So the difference here is bandwidth throughput/speed?

It's a dual modem solution, optionally. Laser or RF. Different speeds and reliability levels.

Target customers of the Government, Enterprise, etc type.

Post reply on HN