Second, there is indeed backlash against the golden visa program, but the most meaningful bits are due to visas being granted to people who do zero actual investment in the country.
As to real estate, this is just the peak of a long crisis brought upon by idiotic zoning laws that favored high-value condos and villas, under pressure from a bunch of lobbyists from the building industry (we have at least two major cement lobbies here, each driven by its own influential family).
That, an emphasis on tourism and landlords’ resistance to maintaining or rebuilding existing buildings (partly due to inheritance laws, yes, but mostly driven by greed) has made it impossible to buy new flats in Lisbon even before “gentrification” from techies began.
(AirBnB is just another factor in this - a lot of those nice villas and flats are priced outside local affordances, and whoever buys them does so to rent out and drive a quick profit, since a lot of AirBnBs aren’t even taxed…)
The only thing the article gets right is that we have a completely bullshit legal and tax system that takes far too long for anyone to sort out - even natives. As an example, it is _much_ less sensible to work as a tech contractor here (unlike, say, the UK) because the fiscal load and legal protection are all stacked against you.
Even with “instant company” fast-tracking (which gives you a working legal entity in a few hours, provided you know where to apply to and how to do the paperwork), setting up a business and having official accounting requires some effort for a random Jane/Joe, especially if foreign.
But those barriers are fixable if you hire a local relocation/setup service, so real startups and savvy techies can breeze through those. The real trouble comes when you need to do contracts, pay taxes, etc. and there is a legal issue — courts here are slow, Byzantine and can take years to close a case, so brokerage (which can be fraught to navigate) is often the only option.
Anyway, the country isn’t broken because a few thousand crypto bros decided to settle in nice villas here. I know of several companies that are thriving here (hi Cloudflare!), even if there are constant paper cuts regarding bureaucracy.