Earlier quoted context omitted.
The terminal can optionally catch some characters and convert them to signals. By default, ^C sends SIGINT, ^\ sends SIGQUIT, and ^Z sends SIGTSTP. Programs can disable that for their own purposes (stty -isig) and you can rebind them to other characters if you want (stty intr, stty quit, stty susp) but I don't know why anyone would these days.
In Linux and UNIX you enable or disable use of ctrl+c (effectively setting the tty into a raw mode) via syscalls against the tty file descriptor - it is not handled by the terminal emulator at all (in fact if you read the man page for `stty` you'd see it's changing the your terminals fd and not the terminal emulator). Sure, theoretically terminal emulators could capture and even rebind those keys via the APIs of what…
With respect to rebinding, what is "stty intr ^D" doing if not rebinding the interrupt character to ^D?
I feel your pain about not having SIGINFO though.