Other comments posted before mine have already pointed out that overall prosperity in the United States is quite high, and I might add that many of the newly industrialized countries of east Asia (which characteristically have high population densities and limited natural resources, and thus are a model of what policies it takes to be prosperous despite a lack of natural advantages) increase steadily in wealth and general prosperity[2] despite ignoring parts of the author's advice.
For me, the crucial fact to keep in mind in any of these decry-America threads on Hacker News is that people vote with their feet. The United States continues to be a highly desired country to immigrate to,[3] so whatever trade-offs the United States economy offers, there are still a lot of people who think they are better trade-offs than the trade-offs in the familiar home country they were born in.
[1] http://www.newrepublic.com/authors/bryce-covert
[2] http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/17/business/world-rich-list-s...
[3] http://www.gallup.com/poll/161435/100-million-worldwide-drea...
http://www.census.gov/topics/population/foreign-born.html
http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/immigrate/immi...
AFTER EDIT: I note the downvotes indicating disagreement, and I am curious about what you disagree with. Please let me know.
And I am amused by this correction to the submitted article: "Correction: This piece originally stated that workers with smartphones spent 72 hours a week on their off time checking work e-mail. In fact, the 72 hours include working hours, and the workers are just professionals, managers, and executives. We regret the error." We are not talking about a strongly numerate analysis here.