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How to Raise Money

paulgraham.com

81–90 of 125 posts

Re: How to Raise Money

#81
post #31
post #25

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. These aren't universal, unqualified rules and I don't understand why you're trying to generalize them beyon…

What I said was: "This is interesting and contradicts a bit of "disrupt" meme:" If I was trying to rebut his point I would have stated that I thought he was wrong "and here is why" which is not what I did, did I? With medical and legal advice by the way, it's highly likely that you if you talk to 10 professionals, (as the saying goes) you might very well get 10 different opinions. "I'd say the prior odds of pg contra…

Fair enough. I ask you forgive me for my incorrect interpretation. Here's what you wrote:

>"You can't trust your intuitions. I'm going to give you a set of rules here that will get you through this process if anything will. At certain moments you'll be tempted to ignore them. So rule number zero is: these rules exist for a reason. You wouldn't need a rule to keep you going in one direction if there weren't powerful forces pushing you in another."

> What this seems to be saying (to young people) is "it's ok to ignore what other older more experienced people say (or what established practices are) and try to disrupt in those situations because the guidelines and experience they have is bogus but I am telling you that my rules are right so just trust me".

In particular, I took the "this" in "What this seems to be saying" to mean preceding paragraph you quoted from pg's essay and the quote following it to be a restatement of an argument pg was making in this essay or elsewhere. Since pg's essay didn't talk about the "disruption meme", include the words "disruption" or "meme", or have anything to do with advice outside a fundraising context, I had assumed you were referencing previous essays.

So, either the "this" in "What this seems to be saying" is referencing something else or you're responding to a position nobody in this conversation, including pg, has taken. Wanting to be charitable, I assumed you misread the essay or over-generalized its argument.

Now, I'm just confused. C'est la vie.

Re: How to Raise Money

#82
post #20
post #17

Paul Graham on dating: s/investors/women/ && s/investor/woman/ (works the other way too) When you talk to women your m.o. should be breadth-first search, weighted by expected value. You should always talk to women in parallel rather than serially. You can't afford the time it takes to talk to women serially, plus if you only talk to one woman at a time, they don't have the pressure of other women to make them act. Bu…

The analogy to dating is problematic. Such a strategy is indeed effective for dating, but feels mercenary or even sociopathic to most people. Making the analogy raises moral issues that aren't relevant to fundraising.

Every human interaction is just analogous to dating, because human interactions are based on interest and the whole thing is called social dynamics. Be high value and wanted and everybody wants you, be desperate and low value and nobody wants you.

In dating, it is sexual interest, in business, it is monetary interest , the underlying principles are the exact same.

Re: How to Raise Money

#83
post #15
post #2

Incidentally, this is the actual advice we give startups about fundraising at YC. This batch I finally wrote it all down, and the s2013 startups used it when raising money.

"I don't know of a single VC investment that began with an associate cold-emailing a startup." I can vouch from personal knowledge that this has happened a number of times at a number of different European VCs, and at least once with a major US VC in the last year. I'm guessing it's far less common for YC startups because YC startups have demo day which essentially initiates the process. They also have a strong netwo…

I read "associate" as the more important part of that sentence than "cold-emailing." So, just to clarify, you're talking about a cold email from an associate vs. a partner?

Re: How to Raise Money

#84
post #17

Paul Graham on dating: s/investors/women/ && s/investor/woman/ (works the other way too) When you talk to women your m.o. should be breadth-first search, weighted by expected value. You should always talk to women in parallel rather than serially. You can't afford the time it takes to talk to women serially, plus if you only talk to one woman at a time, they don't have the pressure of other women to make them act. Bu…

Essentially, they lead you on. They seem like they're about to invest right up till the moment they say no. If they even say no. Some of the worse ones never actually do say no; they just stop replying to your emails.

This is an interesting analogy to me.

I've never sought investment, but I always really disliked it when companies broke communication off after an interview or application without a firm rejection.

On the otherhand, I think I prefer diminishing communication when it comes to dating. I don't treat dating like an application process. Most of the time when I talk to a woman, I'm not trying to ascertain her suitability as a mate, rather, I'm just trying to make my day/evening a little more enjoyable by having a conversation. Sometimes those conversations turn into something else, sometimes they don't. If I text someone after getting there number, I think I'd much rather prefer no response (I get what that means) to some sort of direct rejection.

Re: How to Raise Money

#85
this is perhaps the most honest and accurate description of what you will likely find in raising money - couple with fantastic advice. in fact, it accurately reflects my first experience and rookie mistakes raising money in a secondary market: wasting time by being led on by investors who don't lead; eventually closing a first investor, which started a rush; etc. if you're raising money for the first time, please read this multiple times...for your sanity's sake.

Re: How to Raise Money

#86

From my experience, one of the most important realizations of fundraising is that it's an enormous mind game. The hardest part of fundraising was getting the startup to a point where I actually believed in it. When I looked at our projections and where the company could go, I was no longer thinking, "Yeah, if a miracle happens," but rather, "It'll be hard, but I really, really think we can do that. We just need some…

I believe that making that mental transition (to believing in your company) impacts the way you approach other areas of your business as well (not just fundraising).

For instance, when courting a large potential client or partner, your confidence goes up and you are not selling, so much as explaining. People pick up on this, and your results will show it. Plus, it just plain feels better when you really believe in your company's potential vs. merely hoping.

Re: How to Raise Money

#87
The line in the essay I liked best was:

> But there may be cases where a startup either wouldn't want to grow faster, or outside money wouldn't help them to, and if you're one of them, don't raise money.

Having the essay earlier would have saved me a lot of time and effort. For my startup, I tried for a long time to raise money, and as in the essay it was a huge distraction from the real work. Eventually, at absurdly high cost in time and effort, I concluded the more common half of what is in the essay.

Since I wanted to try hard to crack the nut of fund raising, I kept at the effort until I got some decent understanding.

Also I had to conclude that VCs and I do projects and project planning and evaluation in very different ways. Since it was quite a while ago that I was 20 years old, and I've done a lot of projects and seen a lot of business, I prefer my approaches to project planning and evaluation. Also, for my project, my technical background, in applied mathematics, is far above that of all but maybe 10 VCs in the country. There is likely not a single VC in the country who could understand the crucial core of my project, some original applied math I derived, and only a few VCs who could even direct a competent review of that crucial core. So, I just can't be impressed by what VCs think of the crucial core of my project. When I was fund raising, I wondered how the VCs would evaluate my work; the answer is, they wouldn't! So, they don't have a clue about what they are missing.

So, net, VCs will evaluate my project based on traction which should mean that, for me, a solo founder with meager burn rate, by the time a VC wants to write a check, as in the quote above from the essay, I will no longer be willing to accept one.

After the fund raising effort, I settled on the line in the essay I quoted above: For me, and as often in the essay, the VCs are just too much trouble to work with to be worthwhile. Yes, the VCs are trouble in fund raising, but also the VCs will bring Board overhead, more time/money with lawyers and accountants, and, then, in case of the success they want, an IPO with all the Wall Street and SEC nonsense. Handling all that would be a full time job for me, the CEO of my company; that's not the kind of work I want to do; and my hands would be taken from actually building and running my company.

I see another point: In the US, businesses are started and succeed coast to coast in big cities down to crossroads by solo founders by the millions each year. Such a business might be a pizza shop, auto repair shop, landscaping service, big truck/little truck business, etc.

My startup, with me as solo founder, is in information technology (IT) which should be a huge advantage: E.g., my first server farm will cost less than the truck and lawn mower of the guys who cut grass in my neighborhood, and the Internet connection I need will cost less than $100 a month. Moreover if I half fill the Internet connection, then from simple arithmetic my revenue and earnings in one year will be quite comparable with funds from a Series A.

So I just view my startup as a one person pizza shop but with some big advantages from IT; e.g., a pizza shop owner needs to be in the shop for each dollar made, and my server farm can be making money while I sleep.

For PG's definition of a startup in terms of very rapid growth, so rapid that VC funds become important, that's not important to me. I need a nice business; I don't have to shoot for another Google and wouldn't want to manage anything that big anyway.

A recent remark of Mark Andreessen is that there are only about 15 startups a year that deserve a Series A. So, the essay is talking about only about 15 startups a year and, thus, I am not disappointed the essay is not talking about my startup.

The VCs and I will have to disagree on how to plan, evaluate, start, and build a company. If I am successful, then likely that disagreement will have been a big part of my success.

The VCs remind me of the Mother Goose story The Little Red Hen when she could get help only when she had fragrant, hot loaves of bread coming out of the oven and customers lining up to buy and no longer needed any help.

For me, one really serious turnoff of VCs is that, since they have really no chance of understanding the crucial core of my business or how I do projects, no way would I want to report to a Board with VCs. Vinod Khosla has some recent remarks on how helpful Board VCs are!

Another big turnoff of VCs is that, as reported on Fred Wilson's blog, on average over the past 10 years, the VC ROI has been poor. Net, VCs do not have a lot of credibility in business.

Another big turnoff is that too many VCs were not STEM majors and have written little to no code.

Another big turnoff is that my startup, as is recommended for startups, is doing work that is new; well, there is some education for how to work effectively with things that are new, a Ph.D. degree; I have an appropriate one from a famous research university, and nearly no VCs do. I will have a tough time viewing a VC as a helpful colleague in the crucial core of my business.

Re: How to Raise Money

#88
"When everyone wants you, it's hard not to let it go to your head. Especially if till recently no one wanted you. But restrain yourself."

Reminds me of a great quote from a family member. When my cousin's son started playing football, my cousin told him "the first time you get into the endzone, act like you've been there before".

Re: How to Raise Money

#89
"How not to have to raise money" should have been more useful to startups. Unfortunately, many have been conditioned into thinking that success can't be achieved without fundraising.

Re: How to Raise Money

#90
post #74
post #59

Earlier quoted context omitted.

In practice few to zero investors make money that way. All the money in startup investing is in the big hits. Which means the way to make money as a investor is to try to invest in the companies you think will be big hits, and pay whatever the price happens to be.

What do you mean they don't make money that way? Do you just mean that $100m isn't a hit? If that's all you mean, change that number to $1b or $10b or one hundred... billion dollars (pinky to lip). But I think what you mean is that investors make money by finding companies that are grossly undervalued, to the point that an order of magnitude change in valuation shouldn't affect the decision. I'm still skeptical of th…

Your questions are interesting, because (outside of the startup world) they are based on sound logic. The basic rules of expected value don't apply to startups, because the present value is not a good predictor of future value. Some people are good at predicting the outcome (success vs failure), but nobody can get the number right ($10m vs $1b). Any investor who lets marginal changes in valuation influence his decision is essentially calculating a probability using a random number.
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