A lot of people like all-in-one tools, and uv offers an opinionated approach that works. It's essentially the last serious attempt at this since Poetry, except that uv is also supporting a variety of new Python packaging standards up front (most notably
https://peps.python.org/pep-0621/ , which Poetry lagged on for years - see
https://github.com/python-poetry/roadmap/issues/3 ) and seems committed to keeping on top of new ones.
How much you can benefit depends on your use case. uv is a developer tool that also manages installations of Python itself (and maintains separate environments for which you can choose a Python version). If you're just trying to install someone else's application from PyPI - say https://pypi.org/project/pycowsay/ as an example - you'll likely have just as smooth of an experience via pipx (although installation will be even slower than with pip, since it's using pip behind the scenes and adding its own steps). On the other hand, to my understanding, to use uv as a developer you'll still need to choose and install a build backend such as Flit or Hatchling, or else rely on the default Setuptools.
One major reason developers are switching to uv is lockfile support. It's worth noting here that an interoperable standard for lockfiles was recently approved (https://peps.python.org/pep-0751/), uv will be moving towards it, and other tools like pip are moving towards supporting it (the current pip can write such lockfiles, and installing from them is on the roadmap: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/13334).
If you, like me, prefer to follow the UNIX philosophy, a complete developer toolchain in 2025 looks like:
* Python itself (if you want standalone binaries like the ones uv uses, you can get them directly; you can also build from source like I do; if you want to manage Python installations then https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv is solid, or you can use the multi-language https://asdf-vm.com/guide/introduction.html with https://github.com/asdf-community/asdf-python I guess)
* Ability to create virtual environments (the standard library takes care of this; some niche uses are helped out by https://virtualenv.pypa.io/)
* Package installer (Pip can handle this) and manager (if you really want something to "manage" packages by installing into an environment and simultaneously updating your pyproject.toml, or things like that; but just fixing the existing environment is completely viable, and installers already resolve dependencies for whatever it is they're currently installing)
* Build frontend (the standard is https://build.pypa.io/en/stable/; for programmatic use, you can work with https://pyproject-hooks.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ directly)
* Build backend (many options here - by design! but installers will assume Setuptools by default, since the standard requires them to, for backwards compatibility reasons)
* Support for uploading packages to PyPI (the standard is https://twine.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
* Optional: typecheckers, linters, an IDE etc.
A user on the other hand only needs
* Some version of Python (the one provided with a typical Linux distribution will generally work just fine; Windows users should usually just install the current version, with the official installer, unless they know something they want to install isn't compatible)
* Ability to create virtual environments and also install packages into them (https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/ takes care of both of these, as long as the package is an "application" with a defined entry point; I'm making https://github.com/zahlman/paper which will lift that restriction, for people who want to `import` code but not necessarily publish their own project)
* Ability to actually run the installed code (pipx handles this by symlinking from a standard application path to a wrapper script inside the virtual environment; the wrappers specify the absolute path to the virtual environment's Python, which is generally all that's needed to "use" that virtual environment for the program. It also provides a wrapper to run Pip within a specific environment that it created. PAPER will offer something a bit more sophisticated here, for both aspects.)