The most invasive but effective way I've found to disable Defender is to boot into a live Linux USB, rename "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender", and create an empty file in its place.
It's weird that windows wouldn't have a signed manifest that would detect that
But this isn't about the binaries. It's where definitions and configuration are stored. It's C:\ProgramData, not C:\Program Files.
The system also can't object too severely. Third party endpoint protection exists.