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What Is a Particle? (2020)

quantamagazine.org

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Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#81
post #50
post #45

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Richard Feynman gave what I consider to be the best possible answer to questions like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1lL-hXO27Q

At first I was impressed with that video. Then I felt he does not have an answer and unnecessarily gets edgy with it, because question is valid.

Hmm I think he's merely explaining what physics is and is not. Physics isn't really answering "why" questions, at least not ones with infinite scope.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#82

I'm reading "The Big Picture" (Sean Carroll) right now. I'd love to have a real physicist explain this, but: When we think of what a particle IS, we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something. As though there were some other substance of which it's made. At least I do. But the definition is as low as you can go. It's hard to wrap your head around that. Unless you're trained to do so, I guess…

This might sound tautological but a particle is, well, a thing that behaves like a particle.

Those behaviors are something like:

- it has momentum - it's state is uniquely defined by a position in space and a velocity

What's not a particle? A wave (well, until 1900 or so ...).

Sort of like asking "what is a number?"

A number is a thing that obeys certain rules. (You can add them; there's an `identity `, for every number there's a number which if you add together gives zero, etc).

That allows things like `(3 + 5i)` to be a number, for example.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#83
post #59
post #50

Earlier quoted context omitted.

At first I was impressed with that video. Then I felt he does not have an answer and unnecessarily gets edgy with it, because question is valid.

> he does not have an answer Well, yeah. That's the whole point.

The additional important point, of course, is that there are many more 'Why' questions to be asked (often more interesting, and more important than corner cases like human-scale magnetism) that do not get asked just because of familiarity. Familiarity however is not understanding, and it is the same as simplicity.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#84

I'm reading "The Big Picture" (Sean Carroll) right now. I'd love to have a real physicist explain this, but: When we think of what a particle IS, we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something. As though there were some other substance of which it's made. At least I do. But the definition is as low as you can go. It's hard to wrap your head around that. Unless you're trained to do so, I guess…

Particle spin explained: Imagine a ball that’s rotating, Except it’s not a ball, and It’s not rotating. (popular particle physics meme) From what I understand of QFT, the Universe is made of fields of different types, and a “fundamental particle” is just an excitation (wave) in the corresponding field. For example, a photon is a wave in the universal electromagnetic field, A charm quark is a wave in the universal cha…

Spin is easy as long as you avoid trying to draw a direct analogy with ordinary rotation.

It’s just the statement that the object spinning is attached to its surroundings in a smooth and continuous fashion. Less rigid object, more a patch of space-time fabric spinning.

There’s a video here: https://youtu.be/LLw3BaliDUQ?feature=shared

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#85

I feel a curious mix of excitement and disconcerted to discover humans don’t really understand what matter is. Reading the article, I understood so little of it. And I guess it’s because so much of the language is just words chosen through some sort of consensus to represent an abstract idea itself composed of such words-idea-representations which I’ve never encountered before.

There are about 16 particles in the standard model. We've only mastered the electron, proton, photon, and have dabbled in using neutrons and neutrinos. Imagine the possibilities if we some day are able to use all the remaining particles?

Muons and positrons are used regularly in industry. Neutrinos have been used to image the inside of the Sun.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#86
post #9

I'm reading "The Big Picture" (Sean Carroll) right now. I'd love to have a real physicist explain this, but: When we think of what a particle IS, we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something. As though there were some other substance of which it's made. At least I do. But the definition is as low as you can go. It's hard to wrap your head around that. Unless you're trained to do so, I guess…

> we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something The problem lies that it is hard to imagine something that does have zero dimensions. You can get the example of ant walking into 2D and it is unaware of third dimension to explain we are have something similar for space-time 4D (although not the same picture exactly as time is different from spatial dimensions). But we don't have an idea how t…

I just think of a zero dimensial object as a ghost.

Topological defect. The unpictured thing the contour lines are swirling around. It's influence is only felt by seeing the effects on higher dimensional space, but you can never see the ghost itself.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#87

I'm reading "The Big Picture" (Sean Carroll) right now. I'd love to have a real physicist explain this, but: When we think of what a particle IS, we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something. As though there were some other substance of which it's made. At least I do. But the definition is as low as you can go. It's hard to wrap your head around that. Unless you're trained to do so, I guess…

Physicist here. You are right that the mental picture we get when we use the term “particle” is a little ball or something like that. It is unfortunately a confusing name… You need to begin with a field, like the electromagnetic field for instance. When you look at its properties like energy, polarization and so on, in order to write down a state of the field you need to specify all of them in a way or another. In quantum mechanics you can associate a vector space to each property, and then (here is the important bit) you need to pick a basis for your vector space in order to write down its vectors. Obviously there is an infinite number of possible choices, and we usually end up choosing what makes things simple, so in the case of energy we pick the basis of eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian, because to evolve them in time you just need to multiply them by a complex number and that’s it. Well, those basis vectors are the “particles“ because when taken individually they share some properties with macroscopic particles, but the analogy really only goes so far. And the thing is that usually the state of the field is not in a single one of these basis vectors unless the conditions are very special, so even saying that the field is “made of particles” is misleading because it’s like saying that the wind is made of air going vertically, horizontally and across, which sure it’s “correct” because you can combine those directions and get any other direction but it’s also not really that…

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#88

I'm reading "The Big Picture" (Sean Carroll) right now. I'd love to have a real physicist explain this, but: When we think of what a particle IS, we often think as though it were dirt, or a billiard ball, or something. As though there were some other substance of which it's made. At least I do. But the definition is as low as you can go. It's hard to wrap your head around that. Unless you're trained to do so, I guess…

This is essentially the Bohr take on the matter. There is no physicality in the sense that we interact with the world in. There are also no real dimensions as they are just our understanding of what we consider the physical world.

If that gets around your head, you’ll throw the physicality and real world away and you’ll come to see everything as information interaction.

Re: What Is a Particle? (2020)

#90

A particle is a node in the universal interaction graph. “Space”, however, is a derivative attribute emerging as the “distance” between particles in the graph; there is no “space”, only metrics. Reality does not exist between measurements/interactions; the outcome is calculated on demand.

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