When I was TAing last year we had to proctor the students via zoom (trust me its not fun for anyone). Quite frankly I found different professors approached things in different ways. All the exams were made open book, because its impossible to figure out if people are looking at their notes.
One of the profs decided to make it impossible to cheat by basically making the exam so hard that even the A+ students would have a hard time solving it. This worked well in preventing cheating because for the A+ students to collaborate with others they would need spare time. On the other hand it left lot of students very demoralized.
Some of the other profs came up with question randomization schemes. So the assesment tool would shuffle questions for different students. People were still on discord channels but to not much effect. Of course this required that the professors (or the TAs) were conversant with basic programming skills.
For humanities oriented assessments however, I know most of the profs chose to do things via project work (it's a bit hard to cheat when writing essays. You can't possibly have the same argument as someone else so...)
One thing I can't help but wonder is that I realized when we moved things online we missed out a lot on student interaction. Students were generally far more aggressive for their own grades, often at the cost of other students. Furthermore, I found students were far more ready to abuse the teaching staff than when we were physically there. Conversely, teaching staff was far more strict and stressed out than before. I can't help but wonder if the same courses were conducted face to face whether there would be more kindness all round.