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Low-Background Steel

en.wikipedia.org

81–90 of 114 posts

Re: Low-Background Steel

#81
post #40
post #16

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I saw it linked from the comments on a Tweet by Karpathy and found it intellectually curious. > By posting GPT generated text we’re polluting the data for its future versions https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1284660899198820352

You seem to have gotten your replies mixed up. This looks like it's for the GPT "Bitcoin" thread?

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Re: Low-Background Steel

#82
post #26
post #5

Low-background lead is also sought after in shipwrecks [0]. With lead it isn't contamination from nuclear tests that's the issue, but natural radioactivity that needs hundreds of years to decay. [0] https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/10/search-d...

It's always confused me how mined lead somehow has more radioactivity. Shouldn't the lead in the ground also have decayed over time? Also, it makes me wonder why someone enterprising hasn't stockpiled a few tons of the stuff somewhere to let it become low background lead for the future. You'd think that some government or another would be able to drop a million dollars on putting a lead stockpile somewhere safe for t…

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Re: Low-Background Steel

#83

Im always curious how we will send messages to future civilizations. How will we ensure we’ll be remembered or even noted in 10,000, 100,000, 1 million years? How can we prevent the same disaster(s) that eventually wipes our civilisation out from repeating again in future intelligent generations (human or otherwise) Could environmental markers like these be the way? After all, it’s how we look at the past today

Build large stone piles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza

The problem with that is, judging by our own behavior, an unknown ancient structure makes humans investigate it, try to dig it up, etc. Placing a marker isn't the problem, the hard part is communicating "nothing interesting, only death here, do not enter" in a way that someone in 10.000 years will heed the warning.

Re: Low-Background Steel

#84

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What would be the timeframe over which one would make a profit? Our global financial system is based on the 30 year U.S. Treasury bond. There are no economic incentives to plan beyond 30 years.

This is interesting. Can you point me to anything that will expand on/help me understand this?

I don't know of any good sources. But my understanding is that there are very few "Methuselah bonds" by which it is meant instruments that have lifespans of 50 years or more. So anybody with a profit motive has no advantage for putting money into something that would have a longer term focus. This explains to me why, for example, banks are still loaning money for buildings on Miami Beach. I would love to understand the dynamics better. It seems to me that only governments can be planning for longer terms. China, maybe?

Re: Low-Background Steel

#86
post #7

Im always curious how we will send messages to future civilizations. How will we ensure we’ll be remembered or even noted in 10,000, 100,000, 1 million years? How can we prevent the same disaster(s) that eventually wipes our civilisation out from repeating again in future intelligent generations (human or otherwise) Could environmental markers like these be the way? After all, it’s how we look at the past today

We already know what can last for literally millions of years: Life. Maybe we could encode some information in birdsong, tree rings, or the matting patterns drawn by fish in the seafloor. :) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpdlQae5wP8

Or directly encode the message in DNA itself. I suppose the difficulty would be devising an encoding with enough redundancy or other features to preserve the information content over many generations of evolutionary pressures.

Re: Low-Background Steel

#87
post #52

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Extremely difficult to separate different molecules that differ by only the weight of a single neutron.

They are using Oxygen, Oxygen can't become radioactive for longer than a few seconds anyway. All they need to do is filter for pure oxygen, nitrogen is fine as well. It's really just CO2 that's the problem.

I'm not sure about this; smelting lead is generally done in a blast furnace, fed with coke. Burning that coke is going to produce a ton of CO2. Is that good enough because the carbon in the coke is all very old? (Searching for information relating to C-14 and coal lead me to a bunch of wacko new earth creationist websites claiming that carbon dating indicates coal is young...)

Also, maybe this isn't really a concern, but "high temperature and pure oxygen" makes me think "metal fire."

Re: Low-Background Steel

#89
post #54
post #48

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The Battle of Midway was fought in spectacularly deep water, on the order of 17,000-18,000 feet deep. This would make salvaging difficult, if not impossible. Scapa Flow is shallow enough for divers. Once we run out of cheaply salvageable steel, we'll likely turn to steel smelting processes that do not introduce air into the steel. These processes require dramatically more energy and are thus more expensive, but will…

> steel smelting processes that do not introduce air into the steel. Air is perfectly fine. Both Oxygen and Nitrogen do not stay radioactive for longer than a few seconds. It's CO2 that is the problem, specifically the carbon. And of course any other random impurity. They could just use cryogenicaly distilled air, and take the nitrogen-oxygen part (the boiling points are very close).

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Re: Low-Background Steel

#90
post #73

I'm not sure about some of the the claims of the Wikipedia article. * First, the article implies that air continues to be the main reason for contamination of steel. It might have been the case, back when atmospheric levels for radioactive elements were higher. However now there is less contamination in the air [0], and the main source for contamination is recycled steel. Either because it itself is non-low-backgroun…

You should update the Wikipedia article. I mean, you've already got the references.

He isn't paid to work on Jimbo Wales's digital plantation.
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