Earlier quoted context omitted.
It's not impossible (I would like to believe) but it involves self-referential models: In order to work, economic models must include models of the models (both yours and other peoples'.) This means that cybernetics (the study of "circular loops in causation") is the minimum formalism for economics.
I don't see that these self-referential models are so exclusive to modeling economics. Many machine actors naturally develop to have models of the other actors. An AI which plays Go probably has some limited model of its competitor (or a "typical" competitor) in the sense that it can predict "if I make move, my competitor is likely to counter with one of moves". Consciousness was referenced above. One thing commonly…
> I don't see that these self-referential models are so exclusive to modeling economics.
Each of the OP's examples are non-adversarial.
> reach consciousness with computers, go to Mars, design our genes, achieve immortality, colonize the universe, find the "god's particle",
There's no opponent (according to modern scientific rational materialism) in any of those endeavors.
If you were to develop a working model of economics it would behoove your opponents to alter their behavior in ways that invalidated your model.