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Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

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Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#81
Accepting that actively managed funds are better than passive index funds is basically acceptance of the classical mentality that there are people who can consistently predict and beat the market and that you can make money by picking the 'right guy'.

I assumed most knowledgeable investors abandoned that philosophy in the 80s/90s

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#82

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Index funds have become successful since they've performed well compared to active investment funds. Why would the active investors suddenly get better at guessing the future?

Index funds work because weve been in a 20 year long bull market. If the market goes sideways for a decade, or down for a decade then active investing is alot more profitable.

That has never happened (as far as I know, in modern history). Of course that's not a reason it can't happen, but I feel like you owe us at least a plausible decade downturn scenario.

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#83

The discussion of this on the Bogleheads forums, a community dedicated to low-cost investing primarily via indexing, provides an interesting counter-point to Burry's opinions: https://www.bogleheads.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=289284

> a community dedicated to low-cost investing primarily via indexing

Right or wrong, that must be one boring place.

[Re: downvotes, The post was just intended to convey that the thesis of "put your money in the lowest cost index funds using an allocation formulatically dictated by modern portfolio theory, and don't touch it for the next 35 years" would be unlikely to provide much fresh content.]

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#84

Can someone who understands investing well explain what he’s saying in terms that someone who isn’t knowledgeable about this could understand? I kind of think he’s saying that everyone is just shoveling their money into index funds without thinking about it and this leads to incorrectly valued stock that will correct in the form of a crash at some point. Is that sort of the gist of it?

Other replies were good. But I'll add my two cents. Index investors are basically free riders off the information and research generated by active investors. Indexing basically works pretty well because the market's efficient. An index investor just comes in and just pays whatever the current market price is and allocates in proportion to whatever current market valuations are. He doesn't even need to know anything a…

The harsher reality is that most retail and professional investors have no business trying to be active investors.

Throwing darts is cheaper and safer for them.

Index investors are only really messing with the market if there’s more capital chasing fewer goods than there otherwise should be if they were being “active”, which isn’t proven.

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#85

There are ways to get more diversity within indexing itself. eg: small cap index, value index funds. It seems like the bone of contention is that indexes track the entire market based on trading volume, and that is an existential risk given cap weighting. Many now invest in total market indices, which limits the impact of large cap companies. The "cap weighting" problem is a known issue in indexing and this is why yo…

equal-weight (instead of cap-weighted) funds are also a thing, and perhaps relevant if you want to spread your investment across more of the market:

https://www.invesco.com/portal/site/us/ria/etfs/strategies/e...

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#86
post #52

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Once indexing gets to be a certain size, you run into the "markets irrational longer than you can stay solvent" issue at a much higher level. Active management "correction" doesn't really work if active managers are a much smaller portion of the market or no longer around at all.

Holding doesn't change the price: buying moves it up and selling moves it down. An index fund holding 50% of all shares on the market but not trading them would have no influence at all on prices.

Does this exist, though? If you presume some % of America is putting their paycheck into indexes via Vanguard, Betterment, and some other % is selling due to being retired or whatnot, then this isn't an equilibrium.

There's maybe some room for redeeming index value and "caching" that demand from within Vanguard, etc, but I tend to doubt this action wouldn't hit the market at all.

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#87

Isn't a big part of the issue with actively managed funds the fees, which usually wipe out any gains above index funds. Wouldn't the market correction be to close the delta in fees between active and passively managed funds to encourage more people to go the active route? A lot of the grousing about passively managed funds come from people who are running actively managed funds that charge huge fees to under perform…

You can't run most active management strategies on anything approaching the average passive fee structure. Additionally, you run into problems with scale. An S&P 500 tracking fund scales extremely well and could add several billion of AUM without having to incur additional expenses. A long only equity fund would probably not be able to do the same without hiring more people, building more infrastructure, etc.

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#88
post #58

Not knowledgeable on these matters, so my money is in index funds. Obviously a lot of other people are in the same category as myself. The article seems to be saying we'd all be better financial citizens if we put our money into actively managed funds, or did our own investing. The latter is out of reach for most people, and with respect to the former it's somewhat puzzling that managed funds can't consistently outpe…

The article is claiming that index funds are an overhyped bubble, so of course they'll out perform actively managed funds that have better liquidity.

Perhaps they have become that because of their publicity.

But when all the financial gurus are recommending investing in traditional securities (stocks and bonds), and millions of people wishing to get a leg up in life obey their advice, doesn't that turn the securities market in general into an "overhyped bubble"?

The market behavior and health of any investment, no matter how theoretically sound it is, will be strongly affected by investors' behavior around it. So the fact that index funds are popular (and thus perhaps inflated/overpriced) isn't a knock on the fundamental idea. It's merely an indication of a particular market situation at present.

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#89
post #58

Not knowledgeable on these matters, so my money is in index funds. Obviously a lot of other people are in the same category as myself. The article seems to be saying we'd all be better financial citizens if we put our money into actively managed funds, or did our own investing. The latter is out of reach for most people, and with respect to the former it's somewhat puzzling that managed funds can't consistently outpe…

The more interesting question is, if there is an index fund crash, will the actively managed funds benefit from it, or crash right alongside the index funds? How much are actively managed funds contaminated by stocks that are in index funds? (That probably depends on the type; a small-cap or emerging markets managed fund will probably be mostly clean of the indexed stocks, but a managed large-cap is probably full of them.)

Re: Why Index Funds Are Like Subprime CDOs

#90

He says he's (reluctantly) doing active stock picking. He's a professional investor; I'm just some software engineer with a nest egg, which is 100% in index funds today. What should I be doing, as a schmoe who wants to save money?

The best passive way to approach your situation, is probably what you already know: gradually keep investing passively with the savings from your income. Over the long haul that has a reasonably high probability of turning out well with very little intervention on your part as a non-professional.

There is also nothing wrong with adjusting the ratio of cash vs equities that you're accumulating (eg the share of your income going into the market vs going into cash in a span of time). It's the exact same safety vs risk lever that is commonly utilized in adjusting equities vs bonds as you get older. Some will call it market timing, it is not, as you are not attempting to time a top or bottom. With recession alarms going off in most global economic data, increasing your conservative posture is nothing more than being modestly prudent (and it doesn't have to be an extreme adjustment; if 100% of your net savings is going into the market now, changing that to 75/25 or 50/50 with cash, is entirely reasonable). Even Warren Buffett has turned hardcore conservative with this market, he's buying nothing and sitting on a $122b record pile of cash that is very much annoying him (by his own admission). The reason for his behavior, beyond the obvious blaring economic data, is that the valuations are terrible vs the growth we're seeing (both macro economy and corporate earnings); right now investors are paying a steep premium in most cases for the value they're getting. Buffett doesn't like the price he's paying for the value he's getting, so he has gone into bunker mode, as he has done prominently several times in the past. The simple, non-professional approach to that move, is to just make a reasonable adjustment to how much cash you're accumulating (which can obviously later be deployed if an opportunity presents; in the meantime you're likely to see a very modest inflation debasement to the fiat).

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