I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Ooo! I have a question! Where do I learn more about overlays? The BSD 2.11 code I've read has comments about overlays, but I have no idea where to learn more about how to understand the topic. I came across it while I was seeing if I could get newlib to compile for the PDP-11.
Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
81–90 of 101 posts
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#82I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Ooo! I have a question! Where do I learn more about overlays? The BSD 2.11 code I've read has comments about overlays, but I have no idea where to learn more about how to understand the topic. I came across it while I was seeing if I could get newlib to compile for the PDP-11.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#83I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
32KB was a ton of memory in the 70s.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#84Earlier quoted context omitted.
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
(An aside: do terms like "mainframe" and "microcomputer" have any meaning any more, when a Raspberry Pi Zero has orders of magnitude greater RAM and power than a '70s piece of "big iron"?)
You had to connect via an arcane telnet client (tn3270 protocol perhaps?) and input the change details. No fancy web forms. Perhaps it was a limitation of the application, but you couldn't mix uppercase and lowercase in the one form.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#85Earlier quoted context omitted.
I would not have guessed that there were automatic ECG analysis in 1970! Was it good? Are today's methods any better?
We were the first commercial offering. There was one or two working at universities. It was quite good. I would imagine that they are--I haven't kept track.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#86Fast forward a couple of decades, and I found myself reverse engineering CP/M for the Z80 processor in order to create a virtual Z80-based system that ran inside Unreal Engine. I started with Udo Munk's wonderful Z80pack system, adapted a public domain Z80 CPU emulator which was written in C to C++, and did minimal reimplementation of the Z80pack terminal and disk I/O devices. Since the systems were implemented as "actors" in UE4 it's possible to spawn and run quite a few concurrently as long as you limit the CPU speed of each instance somewhat.
The resulting virtual system in UE4 is able to run original CP/M ports of Rogue and Zork (https://i.imgur.com/gnOCp3e.png), various Z80 instruction exercisers (https://i.imgur.com/kwNuq5X.png), a Z80 C compiler and and even Wordstar 4 (https://i.imgur.com/Q6307w3.jpg) and Microsoft BASIC.
Learning assembly can be a lot of fun - it can really teach you quite a bit about systems architecture that you otherwise might not get if you're always programming in high-level languages only.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#87Earlier quoted context omitted.
We were the first commercial offering. There was one or two working at universities. It was quite good. I would imagine that they are--I haven't kept track.
Awesome... Can you please share more stories of that time with us? Maybe write them somewhere ?
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#88Earlier quoted context omitted.
Ooo! I have a question! Where do I learn more about overlays? The BSD 2.11 code I've read has comments about overlays, but I have no idea where to learn more about how to understand the topic. I came across it while I was seeing if I could get newlib to compile for the PDP-11.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.vox.com/platform/amp/policy...
Here is the correct one:
https://www.elsevier.com/books/linkers-and-loaders/levine/97...
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#89Maybe too much content? 1000+ pages, many architectures... Probably too much content for a beginner book? Btw, a great book imho is "Assembly Language Step By Step - Programming with Linux - 3rd ed" ( https://musho.tk/l/d2d56a34 ). The great things is that it is an easy read and really starts from the basic and explains how the i386 architecture works, and then explains how to program it using assembly. The sad thing…
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#90I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
People do amazing things with primitive tools.