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LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

caltech.edu

81–90 of 111 posts

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#81
post #80
post #12

The numbers here are just staggering: - Black hole merger occurred 3 billion light years away - Two solar masses were converted to energy - Briefly 10^34 megatons of energy were released every second This is hard to intuitively wrap your head around because we think of space as constant. Something like this can distort space itself. Amazing stuff.

Anyone familiar enough in this area that can help me answer these questions: -gravitational waves also propogate at c so how did they escape the event horizons from which they originated? -what and where was/is the "more energy than all stars emit as light in the universe"--10^34 megatons--released from? From matter in the accretion disk orbiting the black holes? -the article says these two were spinning non-uniforml…

1. The waves didn't originate from inside the event horizons, but from the area around the black holes, where space is still very heavily warped.

2. Imagine you have two serious dents in some stiff plastic sheet. By tapping on the plastic with a hammer, you can't get rid of them, but you can sort of move the dents around. Now imagine that you maneuver the dents towards each other, so they merge into one bigger dent, and as that happens the sheet makes a dull thumping sound as the rigid material snaps into a radically different shape. That's a little like what happened here.

3. Yes, black holes maintain the spin they had before they became black holes (and in fact their angular momentum is vastly increased in the process, just like any spinning thing that reduces its radius).

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#82
post #21
post #10

> These are collisions that produce more power than is radiated as light by all the stars and galaxies in the universe at any given time. Astounding, especially given that these are happening at regular intervals in our "neighborhood".

It's like the difference between an explosion of TNT and a atomic bomb, but on a much larger scale. Stars like our sun spend ~10billion years turning a portion of their mass into energy. Most stars are like ours, small, dim and weak in power output. Our sun will not go supernova and will not collapse into a black hole when it dies, it will simply go nova and end up as a dwarf star in a nebula. But, now imagine two bl…

LIGO observed 3 mergers of stellar mass black holes on the scale of 20-60 solar masses, not billions.

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#83
post #80

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Anyone familiar enough in this area that can help me answer these questions: -gravitational waves also propogate at c so how did they escape the event horizons from which they originated? -what and where was/is the "more energy than all stars emit as light in the universe"--10^34 megatons--released from? From matter in the accretion disk orbiting the black holes? -the article says these two were spinning non-uniforml…

1. The waves didn't originate from inside the event horizons, but from the area around the black holes, where space is still very heavily warped. 2. Imagine you have two serious dents in some stiff plastic sheet. By tapping on the plastic with a hammer, you can't get rid of them, but you can sort of move the dents around. Now imagine that you maneuver the dents towards each other, so they merge into one bigger dent,…

Regarding #3, angular momentum is conserved, so it neither increases nor decreases.

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#84
post #83

Earlier quoted context omitted.

1. The waves didn't originate from inside the event horizons, but from the area around the black holes, where space is still very heavily warped. 2. Imagine you have two serious dents in some stiff plastic sheet. By tapping on the plastic with a hammer, you can't get rid of them, but you can sort of move the dents around. Now imagine that you maneuver the dents towards each other, so they merge into one bigger dent,…

Regarding #3, angular momentum is conserved, so it neither increases nor decreases.

Actually, can you shed angular momentum via gravitational waves?

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#85
post #17
post #14

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> If you're getting 10 events/second with a device like this, you probably overpaid for sensitivity Aside from issues processing and disentangling the overlapping events in a situation with that high of an event rate, more events would not be bad, so I'm not sure I'd call it "overpaying". Imagine the kind of population demographics that could be built up if we were detecting that many events.

It's not that physicists wouldn't love to capture all those events, it's that the cost of building instruments like LIGO is nearly prohibitively high and the cost is a strong function of the sensitivity of the instrument. If you aim too high in your sensitivity aspirations, the cost hits a point where the experiment simply can't be funded.

It also might not be possible to build the system more sensitive. Took them, what, 30 years or so, to get to this sensitivity.

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#86
post #83

Earlier quoted context omitted.

1. The waves didn't originate from inside the event horizons, but from the area around the black holes, where space is still very heavily warped. 2. Imagine you have two serious dents in some stiff plastic sheet. By tapping on the plastic with a hammer, you can't get rid of them, but you can sort of move the dents around. Now imagine that you maneuver the dents towards each other, so they merge into one bigger dent,…

Regarding #3, angular momentum is conserved, so it neither increases nor decreases.

He clearly means that the spin rate increases.

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#87
post #57

When a gravitational wave hits the earth, does the planet oscillate in place for the duration, or is our position in the cosmos displaced, or something else altogether?

The actual space in which the planet resides stretches and shrinks as the gravitational wave passes through it. The fabric of space itself is the medium that the wave travels through. However, the affect is incredibly tiny, even though it was generated by two black holes colliding. The size of the distortion experienced here on Earth is 1000x smaller than the width of a proton! It's mind boggling. I think I remember…

The resolution of the detector is 1/1000th the width of a proton. The signal they see is much bigger: the length of 4km long arms stretch and then shrink about 1/10 the width of a proton. How do they know it is really space/time changing and not an earthquake? They have two detectors over 1000 miles apart from each other:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGO#/media/File:Simplified_di...

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#88
post #83

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Regarding #3, angular momentum is conserved, so it neither increases nor decreases.

Actually, can you shed angular momentum via gravitational waves?

Sort of? http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_black_hole

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#89
post #88

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Actually, can you shed angular momentum via gravitational waves?

Sort of? http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_black_hole

How would a non-rotating black hole be possible? Wouldn't it be impossible for any source material to lack spin entirely? Or is it a purely theoretical thing?

Re: LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves for Third Time

#90
post #80

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Anyone familiar enough in this area that can help me answer these questions: -gravitational waves also propogate at c so how did they escape the event horizons from which they originated? -what and where was/is the "more energy than all stars emit as light in the universe"--10^34 megatons--released from? From matter in the accretion disk orbiting the black holes? -the article says these two were spinning non-uniforml…

1. The waves didn't originate from inside the event horizons, but from the area around the black holes, where space is still very heavily warped. 2. Imagine you have two serious dents in some stiff plastic sheet. By tapping on the plastic with a hammer, you can't get rid of them, but you can sort of move the dents around. Now imagine that you maneuver the dents towards each other, so they merge into one bigger dent,…

I like your analogy on #2, but To get to a more precise answer to the question, can't we just say the energy that was released came from the potential energy between the two?
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