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This Biology Book Blew Me Away

gatesnotes.com

81–90 of 107 posts

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#81
post #55

Earlier quoted context omitted.

For the HN audience, Physical Biology of the Cell may also be another useful perspective/introduction. http://www.amazon.com/Physical-Biology-Cell-Rob-Phillips/dp/...

Thanks! The second edition has the preview on the Amazon too: http://www.amazon.com/Physical-Biology-Cell-Rob-Phillips/dp/... Looks worth the money, based on the pictures. However, as I browse through the text, the tone of the explanations seems to be a little casual, and the book more concentrating on "counting" than explaining the details presented with the pictures? Otherwise it seems to be "what you get when a ph…

Alberts is the canonical cell bio text in most undergraduate biology programs.

Phillips is more of an introduction to biophysics, so would require some degree of comfort with calculus and physics (e.g., classical mechanics, some E&M, and some statistical mechanics). The preface says only calculus and elementary physics is required.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#82
post #13
post #11

Earlier quoted context omitted.

>I have original ideas that explain a lot about the world Surely you aren't going to leave us hanging without giving us a synopsis of the top three...

1. The evolutionary advantage of cooperative problem solving is what gives rise to the human tendency to self-identify with mutually exclusive groups of every scope including political territories, religions, sports teams, etc. and in turn some of the largest aspects of human culture. 2. Our concept of knowledge, which is based on prediction from past observations, is rooted in the design of our nervous system. Intui…

Respect you putting up.

#1 Original. More importantly, I like it :) Game theory meets ideology. I reckon that an multi-agent based simulation model with enough features could test your hypothesis. I think sociology will get there in about a decade. If you do this now you'll revolutionise a part of the field.

#2 Not original. Epistemological theories have this covered. Also, you're blurring or at least not making distinct different kinds of knowing. Check out phenomenology as well. Check out cognitive neuroscience. I know these are huge areas but you seriously think nobody has thought about this following on from McCullogh-Pitts? There's knowing how versus knowing that for a start. There's knowing facts versus intuitions. Inductive reasoning has been studied. Intuitionism is a thing.

#3 Not original. Cybernetics has this covered. Also, Your steps are far far far too general.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#83
post #4

"Nick reminds me of writers like Jared Diamond, people who develop a grand theory that explains a lot about the world. He is one of those original thinkers who makes you say: More people should know about this guy’s work." I have original ideas that explain a lot about the world but no one cares because Bill Gates didn't tell everyone to listen to me. * Can anyone remind me why we care what Bill Gates thinks about bi…

Bill Gates is into biology because (A) he's curious and (B) his foundation pursues innovations in diverse fields all of which are not software. I don't know if he writes his own copy or not but I appreciate these reviews and TIL Nick Lane's books sound awesome and I did not know that before.

Also, for you to win it is not necessary for others to fail :)

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#84

> All complex life on earth shares a common ancestor, a cell that arose from simple bacterial progenitors on just one occasion in 4 billion years. This strikes me as a commonly held but deeply flawed origin story, and a close read suggests Gates doesn't buy it either, but fell into the literary trap of writing it anyway. If we believe the first form of life occurred on the sea floor, why shouldn't we believe that new…

If we believe the first form of life occurred on the sea floor, why shouldn't we believe that new forms of life are spontaneously occurring on the sea floor all the time? Many people don't seem to understand just how incredibly different the environmental conditions on Earth were when life was first ramping up. Those conditions not only no longer prevail, but the world is also full of competitors that weren't there i…

Glad you made this point. To expand on it a bit:

Continuing abiogenesis may very well be occuring (in the very few locations that may still resemble the beginning), but at what complexity are we defining "life" when asking this question? Simple spontaneous assembly of RNA precursors? Something more fully fledged?

In any case, the problem isn't even competitors that have evolved since then - it's the existence of complex metabolism. All of the "ingredients" you would need for abiogenesis to occur are now consumed by established organisms, ripping down the molecules for their own energy needs before they can catalyze into a more complex form.

Life as we know it doesn't have room for the earliest products of abiogenesis anymore. Whatever form our earliest genetic ancestors may have taken, Earth's present-day micro-biosphere is simply too ubiquitous and too ravenous.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#85
post #70

I really like books that expose holes in scientific knowledge. Books that attempt to fill in those holes with conjecture based on observation are even better. This book does both very well. However, I did notice some glaring factual errors relating to chemistry (my speciality). Chapter 2 includes the passage: > Second, and more telling, a major distinction between bacterial and archaeal membranes seems to be purely r…

My recollection had been that the D/L system of enantiomeric naming was derived from glycerol. Upon looking it up, it seems the derivation is from glyceraldehyde. I have no idea why I remember it being derived from glycerol, and I suspect that the reason may be the same reason why Lane refers to stereoisomers of glycerol.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#86

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The economical (Occam's Razor) explanation of the patterning of life on earth, based on genetic studies, is that all current living things share a common ancestor. That's what the quoted sentence says, and what you wrote doesn't show that the quoted sentence is a "deeply flawed origin story".

Economy is not a fundamental principle of physical law. I recommend you try to work up from thermodynamics. Start by asking yourself how many molecules of water are in the ocean, and how frequently they vibrate.

I simply meant that there are no data to show that any current living thing derives from a different earliest ancestor from all of the other currently living things. You are welcome to show me a counterexample if you know of one.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#87
post #60

Earlier quoted context omitted.

They competed with modern bacteria and lost?

Yes, I'm aware of that hypothesis. But everywhere, forever? It can also be we'll never know, as the life on Earth apparently existed for so long, billions of years, since the times the whole Earth was completely different than we know now (from the life's point of view). Which is also fascinating, as on the Universe level we can actually observe the glow of the Big Bang, which happened much earlier.

Extinction is only a macro-phenomenon?

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#88
If you are at all interested in the origin of life and the role of energy therein, I cannot recommend any single source of knowledge more than the following paper as it has literally changed my life: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cplx.20191/abstra...

It is written by two of the most intelligent people I think I've ever come across, Eric Smith, who is an external professor at the Sante Fe Institute, and Harold Morowitz, who founded the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study at George Mason. Both men work in very disparate fields. Morowitz was a specialist of biology, origin of life scenarios, and biochemistry while Smith is a (brilliant) physicist and chemist. However, together they have assembled an encompassing theoretical structure that I am confident will lead science for several decades, once it is gradually integrated into other fields of research - e.g., Jeremy England at MIT has looked at some of the same thermodynamic phenomena using statistical physics (great article on his work - https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory...)

Eric Smith actually did a video describing this work while at Sante Fe that is worth a watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElMqwgkXguw

This is the first paragraph of the paper mentioned above:

Life is universally understood to require a source of free energy and mechanisms with which to harness it. Re- markably, the converse may also be true: the continuous generation of sources of free energy by abiotic processes may have forced life into existence as a means to alleviate the buildup of free energy stresses. This assertion – for which there is precedent in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and growing empirical evidence from chemistry – would imply that life had to emerge on the earth, that at least the early steps would occur in the same way on any similar planet, and that we should be able to predict many of these steps from first principles of chemistry and physics together with an accurate understanding of geochemical conditions on the early earth. A deterministic emergence of life would reflect an essential continuity between physics, chemistry, and biology. It would show that a part of the order we recognize as living is thermodynamic order inherent in the geosphere, and that some aspects of Darwinian selection are expressions of the likely simpler statistical mechanics of physical and chemical self-organization.

Re: This Biology Book Blew Me Away

#89
post #2

Two biology events (not sure this book covers) that are completely underestimated. 1) evolution of cyanobacteria as a freak merger of green-sulfur and purple photosynthetic bacteria. Well, biological historians DO understand the importance of this, but the reason why the chemistry is important is not well appreciated. Cyanos use water as a reductant - as an electron donor. Normally one does not think of water as a re…

I am not too sure we know how Cyanobacteria arose (I did my Ph.D. on them) nor how mitochondria arose. Given how rampant horizontal gene transfer is I doubt we ever will. I think the most interest question in this early biology is why LUCA is so complex [1]. We have a massive gap between abiotic processes and the first organism we know anything about. What happened. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_anc…

Agreed. This is why origin of life scenarios are so fascinating!
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