If a student is struggling and does not use the available resources for catching up with the rest of the class, it may be for any of several reasons:
- Asking for help is a display of weakness, and that student has been conditioned to conceal his or her weaknesses.
- The student has feelings of inferiority that lead him or her to assume that they do not deserve additional assistance.
- The student has given his or her last pennies to the bursar and the bookseller, is literally living in a van and gleaning the trash to meet survival needs, and is avoiding peers and professors to conceal this lifestyle.
- The student has a job, and the work schedule interferes with your office hours. You don't pay them to show up, so you lose the conflict.
- The student is simply unaware that such resources are available in general, or available to him or her, specifically.
- The student has adopted compensation strategies to deal with an environment unsupportive of their goals. Being invisible and anonymous may be one of them. Wearing a "mask personality" in public may be another.
- The student is conditioned to believe that no one offers help without expecting something in return. In some cases, accepting help is actually dangerous. (Remember how I helped you out with your rent? Good. Hide this gun for me. You owe me.)
Just use your position of perceived authority, and order them to show up.
If you teach an intro-level class, draw lots, and assign every one of your students to visit you during your office hours in a specific, scheduled, 10-minute window prior to midterms. This is where you actually teach the student how to interact with professors outside the classroom. With each student, talk a little about your class, and a little about anything else. Make it a pass-fail item on the syllabus. Show up? Get some free course credit. Don't show? 0 points. (If you really kick ass at this, you can play "friend matchmaker" and try to coerce your students into befriending and helping each other.)
Remember, there are no classes in most public high schools on how to "do college". Those kids are learning it as they go.