Earlier quoted context omitted.
Almost all that really tells us is that you have browser cache disabled (resources such as jquery wouldn't be re-requested on StackOverflow is you didn't). As a matter of interest, why are you disabling browser cache? Doesn't that waste a needless amount of bandwidth? Is it for some kind of security reason?
I'm currently developing a lot of websites. Disabling browser cache ensures that every file is the most resent version (and not cached), as well as to better see dependency loading. Even with browser cache enabled, stack overflow loads a considerable number of resources compared to st4k. St4k loads 1 api call to get the S.O. data (JSON - ~1KiB), then loads any needed images. Stack overflow is loading the entire HTML…
I'm surprised there's such (15/1) a difference between the HTML and JSON versions of the same data. Both add their own syntactic cruft, but I wouldn't expect the weight of the markup to be that much greater than the equivalent JSON, unless it's being implemented horribly inefficiently (e.g. very verbose class names, inline styling, DIVitis). I'm suspicious about that 15/1 figure.
All in all, though, this is an interesting approach. Nothing radically new, but definitely good to see a solid proof of concept that we can all relate to. I particularly like the way this gets around any api throttling limits since the St4k server isn't doing the communication with SO, it's all happening client->server, much as if one were just browsing SO as normal. Is there a term for this? It's not quite a proxy, since it's not 'in the middle', but more 'off to the side, not interfering directly, merely offering helpful advice' :)