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The Beam Engine

glinscott.github.io

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Re: The Beam Engine

#71

Post by adityaathalye »

glinscott wrote: post #2

Author here. The beam engine created power from steam, and was a key part of the early Industrial Revolution. The article is a deep dive into the engine: how it works, the history behind it, and the engineering tradeoffs the builders faced. There are quite a few interactive figures that I hope make the concepts easier to see.

Excellent work, glinscott. Thank you for sharing! I am about to send this to all my pals who are parents to schoolkids (um, and also pals who are still, like me, basically a schoolkid :p XD).

Building things up from first principles, and ideally also tactile / visceral examples, is my absolute favourite genre of explanations. Alas, a rarefied genre, because it is so much harder to do well (without doing disservice to the learner's intellect and ability) than expert talking to (presumed) expert. So thanks for contributing to it.

People like George Polya [0], Richard Feynman [1], Grace Hopper [2] are exemplars of this tradition.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0gbw-Ur_do

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKWGGDXe5MA

[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR0ujwlvbkQ

(And I too try in my own meagre way through my blog and source code, albeit it's all plain text because visual explainers, animated ones that too are ridiculously difficult. So I have some idea of how much of a labour of love your piece is. .)

Re: The Beam Engine

#72

Post by glinscott »

somat wrote: post #55

The first steam engines were vacuum engines, fill a cylinder full of steam and as it condenses it sucks the piston down, Watt's improvement and patent was on a separated condenser unit so you did not have to reheat the whole cylinder each time. This doubled the efficiency, that is, reduced the amount of coal you had to burn by half. But Watt would not sell manufacturing rights to his patent he sold operating licenses…

Yes, great details! Not sure if you've read it, but "Richard L. Hills, Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine (1989)." is a truly wonderful overview, that really digs deep into the business. It has many letters directly from Watt, including the problems they had getting these huge engines built (before any decent roads!).

Re: The Beam Engine

#73

Post by spiderfarmer »

glinscott wrote: post #43
spartanatreyu wrote: post #40

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This reminds me a lot of the articles at: https://ciechanow.ski/archives/ Not just in terms of presentation, but also quality. Amazing!

Thank you, a lot of research went into it :). And 100% inspired by Bartosz's articles - he is the first line in the credits section.

A fantastic website/person to be inspired by. You also did a great job.

Re: The Beam Engine

#74

Post by aryehof »

eleventen wrote: post #26

Quinn (Blondihacks) on youtube is a model engineer machinist and has, IMO, the most outsider-watchable content on building boilers and steam engines like this. Highly recommend this primer titled "The Model Engineering Learning Curve" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ps_BQJEMnGA She's been building a model locomotive for years now, there are over 100 videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLY67-4BrEae-xhrvZX33gPk4…

Wow, that Blondiehacks video opened my eyes to a whole unknown world. Thanks!

Re: The Beam Engine

#76

Post by glinscott »

adityaathalye wrote: post #71
glinscott wrote: post #2

Author here. The beam engine created power from steam, and was a key part of the early Industrial Revolution. The article is a deep dive into the engine: how it works, the history behind it, and the engineering tradeoffs the builders faced. There are quite a few interactive figures that I hope make the concepts easier to see.

Excellent work, glinscott. Thank you for sharing! I am about to send this to all my pals who are parents to schoolkids (um, and also pals who are still, like me, basically a schoolkid :p XD). Building things up from first principles, and ideally also tactile / visceral examples, is my absolute favourite genre of explanations. Alas, a rarefied genre, because it is so much harder to do well (without doing disservice to…

You are welcome! I agree, it's a really nice way to learn about something. Digging into the transfer of power with belts may have been one of my favorite parts here, even though it's not really steam directly :).

Re: The Beam Engine

#77

Post by glinscott »

pillars wrote: post #58

The interactive article is so good! (Sorry I am pasting my old comment.) Some Model Engineering related resources: Engineering drawings of small model engines used in model aircraft making. These designs are intended for manufacturing and practical operation, rather than merely for display, and can be used to build fully functional engines. https://www.modelengineeringwebsite.com/Beam_Engine_drawings... https://model…

Thanks!

And https://modelengineeringwebsite.com/Classic_ME_beam_engine.h... is almost exactly the CAD model behind this beam engine. Designing that on paper would have been quite a challenge.

Re: The Beam Engine

#78

Post by blipvert »

frereubu wrote: post #5

For those in London who want to see one of these in the flesh, as it were, there's one in Tottenham: https://www.mbeam.org/

There’s also the amazing Crossness, which does have occasional steaming days. And if you’re in Manchester the Museum of Science and Industry has a great collection of small and large engines which they run

Re: The Beam Engine

#79

Post by Animats »

glinscott wrote: post #76
adityaathalye wrote: post #71

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Excellent work, glinscott. Thank you for sharing! I am about to send this to all my pals who are parents to schoolkids (um, and also pals who are still, like me, basically a schoolkid :p XD). Building things up from first principles, and ideally also tactile / visceral examples, is my absolute favourite genre of explanations. Alas, a rarefied genre, because it is so much harder to do well (without doing disservice to…

You are welcome! I agree, it's a really nice way to learn about something. Digging into the transfer of power with belts may have been one of my favorite parts here, even though it's not really steam directly :).

The capstan winding animation is beautiful.

The key thing to understand about early steam engine technology is that they didn't have steel. Good steel in quantity wasn't available until the Bessemer converter around 1880. The converter itself is simple. It took about 10,000 melts to get the metallurgy right, and analytical chemistry to get consistent ingredient mixes.

Without steel, the early engines were cast or wrought iron. So everything was very low pressure, or blew up. That's why "atmospheric" engines such as Newcomen's were built. That doesn't use steam pressure at all. It just uses condensing steam to create a partial vacuum so atmospheric pressure can push the piston. The technology got stuck there for 75 years.

Higher pressure engines made of iron were tried. They blew up frequently at first. This led to a useful institution, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, founded in 1866.[1] They still exist, owned by Munich Re. Hartford Steam Boiler had a tough approach to insurance. They'd insure risky things such as steamboats, but only after their inspectors had inspected them. Their insurance policies gave them the right to inspect at any time, which they used. The usual arrangement was that they inspected something, produced a list of things which had to be fixed, and came back for a second inspection after the fixes. Only then did they provide coverage. Steamboats mostly stopped blowing up.

(Today, Hartford Steam Boiler also sells business interruption insurance against cyberattacks, and even AI liability insurance. They probably still inspect first. That may be the good path to AI safety - liability lawyers suing for damages on one side, and an insurance company into tough inspections on the other.)

[1] https://www.munichre.com/hsb/en.html

Re: The Beam Engine

#80

Post by peterfirefly »

glinscott wrote: post #2

Author here. The beam engine created power from steam, and was a key part of the early Industrial Revolution. The article is a deep dive into the engine: how it works, the history behind it, and the engineering tradeoffs the builders faced. There are quite a few interactive figures that I hope make the concepts easier to see.

Despite all the details, you still left out a lot. Safety valve, pressure gauge(s), regulation of the water pump, water level gauge for the boiler, lubrication (you only have two of the glass/metal can reservoir types for the main axle), and then maybe also the valve gear (the control mechanism for the valves which takes into account where in the cycle the machine is and maybe also how fast it is going, how fast it should be going, and in which direction). And a way to drain water from the bottom of the cylinder + maybe a way to make the steam as dry as possible.

And each of those could be expanded to much more than the page you already made.

Things are almost always a lot more complicated than they seem. It seems so simple -- "water + heat makes steam, steam pushes piston, back and forth motion makes rotary motion" -- but it is really anything but.

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