David Metzler has this really cool playlist "Ridiculously Huge Numbers" that digs into the details in an accessible way:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3A50BB9C34AB36B3
By the end, you're thinking about functions that grow so fast TREE is utterly insignificant. Surprisingly, getting there just needs a small bit of machinery beyond Peano Arithmetic [0].
Then you can ponder doing all that but making a tiny tweak by replacing succesorship with BB. Holy cow...
[0]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_iterated_inductive...