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NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

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Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#71
post #50

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Helium's lifting capability is proportional to the density of the atmosphere, which is very low on Mars.

Is it viable to use vacuum instead of helium?

Wouldn't you need something with some amount of pressure to stop the "shell" you plan to float from collapsing?

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#72
post #20

Didn't this use mostly off the shelf parts? If so, I wonder how this will impact costs on future missions. If they can do more with consumer hardware, they can save budget to apply toward more science.

"off the shelf" in aerospace means that you can buy it from an aerospace manufacturer, and don't have to build it in house. There's considerably more engineering behind these products than the equivalent consumer electronics

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#73
post #37

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Interesting note about this: the speed of sound on Mars is only ~70% of that on Earth, due to less atmospheric density. Might change your Mach numbers!

It's not due to less density, but rather a different gas composition (CO2 vs. N2+O2).

Let's run the numbers!

The speed of sound in an ideal (calorically perfect) gas is given by

  a = sqrt( gamma * R * T )
where gamma is the ratio of specific heats (thermodynamic property of a gas, which may vary with temperature), R is the individual gas constant, and T the temperature of the fluid. All of these are going to be different on Mars versus on Earth:

  Earth:
  R = R_atm = 287 J / (kg * K)
  gamma = 1.44
  T = 293 K (taking room temperature as an average temperature)

  Mars:
  R = R_CO2 = 188 J / (kg * K)
  gamma = 1.37
  T = 210 K (from a quick google, about -60 deg C)
If the Martian and Earth atmospheres were at the same temperature, then the speed of sound on Mars would be 80% that of the speed of sound on Earth. Given the temperature difference, the speeds of sound are

  a_mars = 232 m/s
  a_earth = 347 m/s
So yes, much of the difference is due to the composition: the Martian atmosphere has a higher atomic weight, which leads to a lower individual gas constant, and decreases the speed of sound. However, a substantial amount of the difference is simply due to the different temperatures on the surfaces of the two planets.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#74
post #20

Didn't this use mostly off the shelf parts? If so, I wonder how this will impact costs on future missions. If they can do more with consumer hardware, they can save budget to apply toward more science.

"off the shelf" in aerospace means that you can buy it from an aerospace manufacturer, and don't have to build it in house. There's considerably more engineering behind these products than the equivalent consumer electronics

My understanding was they used actual consumer hardware for it. This was a big thing in the news when it landed.

edit: from another comment: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39081718

It looks like it's just a couple of (important) components that can handle the quirks of not being radiation-hardened, but it's still significant.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#75

On Jupiter Broadcasting there was a lot of interviews on how this was a Linux powered device and could be the first of many new Linux devices on Mars by JPL. If I remembered correctly they used a space hardened Power cpu with an ancient version of Yocto since the newer versions of it did not have working drivers. When the rover had an issue they actually used the helicoptor's userspace command line GNU utilities to d…

> When the rover had an issue they actually used the helicoptor's userspace command line GNU utilities to debug and get logs from the rover to send to Earth.

Wow, such a great testament to The Unix Philosophy of building small, modular, focused tools that can be combined together to do all sorts of interesting and more complex tasks. I'm sure no one imagined using these utilities from a helicopter to retrieve rover logs to aid in diagnostics, but here we are. What a cool story.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#76

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The original Elon Musk biography describes how a legacy aerospace engineer joined spacex and was tasked with a part: > He got a quote back for $120,000. “Elon laughed,” Davis said. “He said, 'That part is no more complicated than a garage door opener. Your budget is five thousand dollars. Go make it work.’”

This is a terrifying anecdote.

It is, but for different reasons to different people.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#77

On Jupiter Broadcasting there was a lot of interviews on how this was a Linux powered device and could be the first of many new Linux devices on Mars by JPL. If I remembered correctly they used a space hardened Power cpu with an ancient version of Yocto since the newer versions of it did not have working drivers. When the rover had an issue they actually used the helicoptor's userspace command line GNU utilities to d…

> When the rover had an issue they actually used the helicoptor's userspace command line GNU utilities to debug and get logs from the rover to send to Earth. Wow, such a great testament to The Unix Philosophy of building small, modular, focused tools that can be combined together to do all sorts of interesting and more complex tasks. I'm sure no one imagined using these utilities from a helicopter to retrieve rover l…

now if we just teach those tools to kids instead of turning them into spreadsheet office robots, that would be great.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#78

We will use more helicopters instead of rovers for new missions ? Or larger crafts would be much harder or riskier to use ? Or maybe have a helicopter that can move the rover with the equipment to different locations.

In the shorter term, I see the helicopter as making the rover more capable, by finding routes and destinations of interest. And the rover makes the helicopter more capable by providing a recharging station. So they're both at their best when working as a system. Maybe a rover can support multiple choppers.

> the rover makes the helicopter more capable by providing a recharging station

Does it? I thought the helicopter was just solar powered.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#79
post #20

Didn't this use mostly off the shelf parts? If so, I wonder how this will impact costs on future missions. If they can do more with consumer hardware, they can save budget to apply toward more science.

There is a lot of cost savings in taking COTS parts and qualifying them for space vs. designing new space-qualified parts, we will see more of this in the future especially with expensive niche technologies with a lot of crossover such as optical communications.

Re: NASA regains contact with mini-helicopter on Mars

#80
post #77

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> When the rover had an issue they actually used the helicoptor's userspace command line GNU utilities to debug and get logs from the rover to send to Earth. Wow, such a great testament to The Unix Philosophy of building small, modular, focused tools that can be combined together to do all sorts of interesting and more complex tasks. I'm sure no one imagined using these utilities from a helicopter to retrieve rover l…

now if we just teach those tools to kids instead of turning them into spreadsheet office robots, that would be great.

I imagine NASA is built and operated on a foundation of thousands of spreadsheets
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