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FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

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Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#71
Imagine if you were an employee at this company with access to these keys. They're so disorganized, you could have stolen tens or millions of dollars in crypto and even right now after auditors have gone through everything, still no one would know you had done it. That anyone had done it.

How ethical are you really? Could you actually resist that temptation? Do you think all your co-workers could too?

What a fiasco.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#73

As the tweet points out the bad practice and doesn't comment on the good practice how _should_ one store their keys? Specifically the tweet states that using a secret manager or password vault is a problem, so what is the solution?

Hardware security modules.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#74

It is fantastic that a company operating with such horrific practices is dead. While we are at it, when can we fix similar issues below with mainstream financial systems that millions of people are still using? - Social security numbers are used as a secret for identification, despite being in plaintext and having so low entropy as to be guessable, and originally issued on a card literally saying "Not for Identificat…

> Every bank check lists the bank account number, which serves as the only information needed for a party to issue a request to withdraw money from that account.

The same principle (i.e. knowing an account number means being able to debit it) works surprisingly well in many European countries for direct debits, and the account number is considered even less of a secret than it is in the US. For example, many freelances routinely print it on their invoices sent out to clients, have it as part of their e-mail signature, or even prominently feature it on their website.

What makes it work is that, under the SEPA Direct Debit framework, the risk of fraud and insufficient funds is 100% on the party initiating the direct debit. An accountholder can literally click a button on their bank's app or website and they get the funds back immediately, no questions asked, within 8 weeks of the original debit date.

This, in turn, means that it is in the initiating party's self-interest to only accept this form of payment in high-trust situations, and not just like a low-fee replacement for credit and debit cards that shifts some amount of fraud risk to the accountholder or their bank.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#75

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Both are bad. Crime is bad, but this is an argument for making software engineering more like a medical doctor's guild. Some things simply should not be done. There is an expectation of competence for some things like finance and medicine.

Their finance scheme was like benefits fraud. Plaintext keys is malpractice. Is that close to what you mean?

Basically yeah. Medical doctors will not do some thing for fear of losing their license to practice. One could argue storing data like this in plain text is malpractice.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#76

It is fantastic that a company operating with such horrific practices is dead. While we are at it, when can we fix similar issues below with mainstream financial systems that millions of people are still using? - Social security numbers are used as a secret for identification, despite being in plaintext and having so low entropy as to be guessable, and originally issued on a card literally saying "Not for Identificat…

For credit cards, mobile wallet transactions are tokenized, and EMV chip transactions function similarly.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#77

As the tweet points out the bad practice and doesn't comment on the good practice how _should_ one store their keys? Specifically the tweet states that using a secret manager or password vault is a problem, so what is the solution?

I think that if you, an individual who owns some crypto, wants to store your key in a password vault, that's probably fine, as long as you accept the risks (you've done your due diligence and trust your password manager is secure enough for your expected risk factor, etc).

But if you're an exchange handling billions of dollars of customer assets, the requirements should probably be higher. The text implies that many employees at the company had access to the password vault, for example. Also, shared password vaults that I've seen tend to have functionality like the ability to share a password externally (something you probably don't want!), relatively low logging abilities (while it would probably be a good idea to track each and every time a crypto key was accessed and who acccesed it), etc.

At least that's my guess at what they meant — perhaps someone had deeper knowledge and can share that.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#78

It is fantastic that a company operating with such horrific practices is dead. While we are at it, when can we fix similar issues below with mainstream financial systems that millions of people are still using? - Social security numbers are used as a secret for identification, despite being in plaintext and having so low entropy as to be guessable, and originally issued on a card literally saying "Not for Identificat…

Traditional banking is sufficiently slow enough that things can be reversed before permanently settled. The "slow" speed of moving money is a feature. It's designed for humans who make mistakes all the time.

I agree that it is a feature, but that feature didn't come with any downsides initially when the speed of everything else was also slow. The downsides are now substantial as the customer expects higher speeds. The downsides of not having the option to have final settlement quickly also seems to be a source of many other problems.

We also don't even need to change this aspect of traditional banking in order to add strong asymmetric encryption in front of the system. That would nip most fraud in the bud, and if nothing else save a lot of effort that goes into fraud schemes, prevention, and reversal.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#79
post #22

Earlier quoted context omitted.

One thinks about crypto as a clownworld only until one had to work with or inside the real financial system. Techincally, it is in no way better than crypto. The only difference is that in real financial system there is a strong legal cover for all the technical and security fuckups. Like, stealing from bank by exploiting their 10-years old Windows XP ATM connected to the internet is 10-years-in-jail offence, while s…

My impression is that there is a lot more auditing going on in the conventional financial system. Not to say that it's not bad, but there are at least some (legit) outside eyeballs on your system.

My financial company has amazing enforcement around code quality, deployments strategies, separation of concerns, testing enforcement, escalation, approvals, backups, minimum security standards, vulnerability remediation and so much more. All of this is aimed at being able to keep compliant at scale. It's a large burden, but it's one you take when you hold people's money.

Re: FTX stored private keys to crypto assets in plaintext, without access controls

#80
This sounds like your standard startup-y security stack. Bonus points for trying to use your cloud provider's hardware key storage and keeping secrets in 1password. It ain't great but you could do worse.

(I've worked at startups and we did better. No access to the cloud provider without a time-based escalation. Secrets in secrets managers. Passwords rotated regularly. Mandatory 2FA. Signed commits. But it would probably still look god-awful if we were a finance company!)

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