This is a big term in aviation, because in most cases in order for something catastrophic to happen it requires a lot of things to have failed. And one way to ensure that enough things fail is to start deviating from your maintenance, inspections, or general responsibilities. Related: the swiss cheese models.
It's also why things in aviation are so fixed and difficult to change. Not having any new civil aviation planes for 30 years worked... how about 40, 50? When will it break? Well, when someone develops an easy to build, easy to fly, inexpensive experimental craft and zillions of people do it all at once (hasn't happened yet). One of the more interesting things I've found is that a huge number (easily a majority) of in…
The A220, A350, and A380 are all newer than 30 years old. (A321 is barely younger than that and A330 barely older.) Boeing has released the 777 and 787 in the last 30 years. The Cirrus SR20 and SR22 are newer than that, as is the SF50 jet. The Diamond DA40, DA42, and DA62 are newer. The Honda Jet is newer. Cessna has a handful of business jets newer than that. The Embraer Phenom 100 and 300 are newer than that. There are variants of the CRJ newer than that (-700, -900, -1000).
That's a lot of new civil aviation aircraft designs in the last 30 years.