Earlier quoted context omitted.
Chromium reads it, but are we sure it's sending it somewhere? Maybe it uses it for bookkeeping of local sessions or something like that.
I checked the Chromium source and for Linux they explicitly mention not being allowed to send it externally[0]; they hash it via SHA1, encode it as base64, and use that value. Interestingly for Windows they pull the machine id from the registry[1] and (at first glance) it doesn't seem like they're doing any hashing. The raw value gets used. Haven't checked if the value gets sent externally but based upon the comment…
If it's sending that value out, then there is no logical difference between that and just sending out the machine-id in the first place.