It's a from-first-principles guide to building an OS. From the title, I had mistakenly assumed it was about the first OS ever.
Like almost everything in Computer science there would be no clear definition of first OS ever. There used to be monitor programs and schedulers before they iteratively evolved into OS programs. Just like, programming languages, servers, 'cloud'... There seldom is a first ever something in our field.
The first OS was OS/360 at IBM in 1964.