Pardon my ignorance, but doesn't a byte-by-byte output recreation of the C++ code in Rust defeat the whole purpose of using Rust? For one, would it be idiomatic Rust anymore? Also, if there's a (non-memory related) vulnerability in the C++ code, would it be possible for that to be introduced in Rust too?
The impression I get from the article is not that the compiled code of each implementation produces the same object code, but that when the implementations are run with the same inputs, they produce exactly the same output — that is, the same JS VM bytecode.
If they had developed a technique to get a modern C++ compiler and rustc to generate exactly the same output for any program (even a trivial one) I think that would be huge news and I would love to see all the linker hacking that would involve.