Earlier quoted context omitted.
Cite? Russia and Iran seem to not be giving too much of a shit. NK became a nuclear power under sanctions.
Would Russia perhaps have already conquered Ukraine without sanctions? Would Iran have destroyed Israel by now without sanctions? Would NK have become a nuclear power much earlier, and have a huge stockpile of nuclear weapons today, were it not for sanctions? I don't know the answers to those questions, but I wouldn't be surprised if it was "yes".
https://washingtondc.jhu.edu/news/do-sanctions-actually-work...