This problem, and the not-my-problem responses, really highlight the self centered mindset we have encouraged. What if that homeless person was your substance-abusing sibling? A friend from school with mental health issues? We need to collectively take more responsibility for those in the worst situations. If you've every tried to teach an old person how to use 2FA you know it's an uphill battle. Using a fingerprint…
"Not-my-problem" is a bad response, but the actual response is that without 2FA even more people lose access to their accounts. Anything that makes it harder for adversaries to take over an account almost necessarily adds friction for the users themselves. This isn't a "fuck the people who don't have regular access to a phone, they don't matter" situation. It is a "there is an aggravating balancing act in this situat…
This is not black and white. It is possible to encourage 2FA but allow to opt out. The same for phone numbers.
And that's why companies enforce 2FA: they want your juicy phone-number or other data. And yeah, maybe they also want to reduce support costs and avoid bad publicity. Still, it's not in your interest, it's in theirs.
If they at least would allow for a sufficient number of options. Like paper-tan (even self printed), yubikey or similar, second email address, an authenticator, ... but even big companies often only require a phone number.
EDIT: Yes, Google offers more than a phone number when creating a gmail account. I didn't say they don't. However: they don't make it easy and I would even go as far as saying that they are evil here. If you don't believe me, try to create a gmail account right now and don't google/search how to do it without phone number.