Earlier quoted context omitted.
> The "obvious" upgrade ... What's stopping the trains from operating autonomously?
Unions, mostly. The tech is there, especially on a 100% grade separated line like the TGV - no road crossings, and the full length is either fenced, in tunnels, or on bridges.
Automatic train operation systems are expensive to design and maintain, and their advantage is mainly in precision: if you're trying to put 30 trains an hour down a segment of tube tunnel, it's very helpful if the system reacts immediately to red signals and brakes at a constant predictable rate.
For longer distance services, not only is the cost of fitting ATO equipment to the track much higher (as the routes are much longer), but the schedules don't need such precise operation. It is probably cheaper to retain drivers.
In practice, even most metro systems with automatic train control still have someone on the train: it's important in an emergency and if there are degraded conditions or unusual operating needs it's helpful to have someone trained to take over.