Earlier quoted context omitted.
From a practical standpoint exactly what does Google collect from one’s browsing activity when they use Chrome? Not sure I’ve ever seen the technical analysis of what kinds of exposure users have.
I'm sure it's not limited to this but there are a lot of dark UI patterns in Chrome, e.g. any Google web login also logs you in to Chrome so Google "has permission" to record your browsing history and other browsing data.
Settings -> Advanced -> Allow Chrome Sign-in
If you want even more control use ADMX (enterprise policies) to permanently disable it. For example on Windows visit Software\Policies\Google\Chrome\ in either HKLM or HKCU and set SyncDisabled 1, EnableSyncConsent 0, BrowserSignin 0.
Full list/docs: