Earlier quoted context omitted.
With Clojure you get that feedback loop by running everything in an open repl. No startup time needed.
so you rerun tests in a REPL? what happens when something is redefined?
There are also tools like lein-test-refresh https://github.com/jakemcc/lein-test-refresh that figure out what needs to be reloaded automatically. You start it up, it watches your namespaces for changes, and reruns tests as needed. As a bonus it can even hook into your OS notification system and let you know if any tests fail.