Earlier quoted context omitted.
Microwave ovens use magnetrons to produce the microwave radiation. Magnetrons cannot be run at anything less than full power. Some microwaves have additional coils in the magnetron that can be connected to increase the power level, but it's limited to the power levels you can get from the various combinations of coils. For the same reason, running a normal microwave at "50% power" actually means it runs at full power…
This isn't true, if you get one of the Panasonic microwaves with their "Inverter" feature. It really does run the magnetron at different power levels. It works quite nicely.
Some GEs claim to use inverters but only for defrosting. I've been wondering why they wouldn't use it for other functions.