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OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

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Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#591

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Friend, the creator of this new progress is a machine learning PhD with a decade of experience in pushing machine learning forward. He knows a lot of math too. Maybe there is a chance that he too can tell the difference between a meaningless advance and an important one?

But he also has the incentive to exaggerate the AI's ability. The whole idea of double-blind test (and really, the whole scientific methodology) is based on one simple thing: even the most experienced and informed professionals can be comfortably wrong. We'll only know when we see it. Or at least when several independent research groups see it.

I thought (and could be wrong) that all of these concerns are based on a very low probability of a very bad outcome.

So: we might be close to a breakthrough, that breakthrough could get out of hand, then it could kill a billion+ people.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#592

Earlier quoted context omitted.

By this logic we should just forbid the wheel. Imagine how many untrained people could work in transport and there would always be demand. So why did the wheel not result in mass unemployment? And factories neither? Certainly it should have happened already but somehow it never did...

The point isn't forbidding anything, it is realizing that technological change is going to cause unemployment and having a plan for it, as opposed to what normally happens where there is no preparation.

Yup. Likewise, a key variable in understanding this is .. velocity? Ie a wheel is cool and all, but what did it displace? A horse is great and all, but what did it displace? Did it displace most jobs? Of course not. So people can move from one field to another.

Even if we just figured out self-driving it would be a far greater burden than we've seen previously.. or so i suspect. Several massive industries displaced overnight.

An "AI revolution" could do a lot more than "just" self-driving.

This is all hypotheticals of course. I'm not a big believer in the short term affect, to be clear. Long term though.. well, i'm quite pessimistic.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#593
post #491

I feel very comfortable saying, as a mathematician, that the ability to solve grade school maths problems would not be at all a predictor of ability to solve real mathematical problems at a research level. The reason LLMs fail at solving mathematical problems is because: 1) they are terrible at arithmetic, 2) they are terrible at algebra, but most importantly, 3) they are terrible at complex reasoning (more specifica…

What I wonder, as a computer scientist:

If you want to solve grade school math problems, why not use an 'add' instruction? It's been around since the 50s, runs a billion times faster than an LLM, every assembly-language programmer knows how to use it, every high-level language has a one-token equivalent, and doesn't hallucinate answers (other than integer overflow).

We also know how to solve complex reasoning chains that require backtracking. Prolog has been around since 1972. It's not used that much because that's not the programming problem that most people are solving.

Why not use a tool for what it's good for and pick different tools for other problems they are better for? LLMs are good for summarization, autocompletion, and as an input to many other language problems like spelling and bigrams. They're not good at math. Computers are really good at math.

There's a theorem that an LLM can compute any computable function. That's true, but so can lambda calculus. We don't program in raw lambda calculus because it's terribly inefficient. Same with LLMs for arithmetic problems.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#594
post #560

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> I feel very comfortable saying, as a mathematician, that the ability to solve grade school maths problems would not be at all a predictor of ability to solve real mathematical problems at a research level. At some point in the past, you yourself were only capable of solving grade school maths problems.

The statement you quoted also holds for humans. Of those who can solve grade school math problems, very, very few can solve mathematical problems at a research level.

We're moving the goalposts all the time. First we had the Turing test, now AI solving math problems "isn't impressive". Any small mistake is a proof it cannot reason at all. Meanwhile 25% humans think the Sun revolves around the Earth and 50% of students get the bat and ball problem wrong.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#595

AGI? Hmm. That's artificial general intelligence ? Do insects count? In a plastic box on my kitchen countertop were some potatoes that had been there too long. So, I started to see little black flies. Soon with a hose on a vacuum, sucked up dozens a day. Dumped the old potatoes and cleaned up the plastic box. Now see only 1-3 of the insects a day -- they are nearly all gone! The insects have some intelligence to fly…

> intelligence to fly away It's intelligence in the sense that jerking your arm away from a hotplate is intelligence, which is to say it's not cognitive reasoning, just genetically hardwired triggers. AGI has been defined by OpenAI as something that can do most economically viable activities better than humans can. I like that approach as it strikes at the heart of the danger it really poses, which is an upending of…

I tried to be not too long:

"... To fly away...?"

> It's intelligence in the sense that jerking your arm away from a hotplate is intelligence, which is to say it's not cognitive reasoning, just genetically hardwired triggers.

Sooo, we agree -- the flies are not very intelligent or more likely not intelligent at all.

Sooo, I tried to erect some borders on intelligence, excluded flies but included solving that geometry problem.

> AGI has been defined by OpenAI as something that can do most economically viable activities better than humans can.

This is the first I heard of their definition. Soooo, I didn't consider their definition.

Of course, NASA does not get to define the speed of light. My local electric utility does not get to define 1000 Watts per hour, a KWH.

The OpenAI definition of AGI is an interesting goal, but the acronym abbreviates artificial general intelligence, and it is not clear that it is appropriate for OpenAI to define intelligence.

Uh,

> most economically viable activities better than humans can.

If consider humans as of, say, 1800, then it looks like that goal was achieved long ago via cars, trucks, an electric circle saw, several of the John Deere products, electric lights, synthetic fabrics, nearly all of modern medicine (so far saved my life 4 times), cotton pickers and the rest of cotton processing, canned foods, nearly everything we will have at Thanksgiving dinner this year (apple pie, pecan pie, shrimp), ....

> for better than

For today, look at some John Deere videos!!! They have some big machine that for a corn field does the harvesting while the operator can mostly just watch, monitor, type email to his sweetheart, listen to Taylor Swift. As I recall, the machine even uses GPS to automate the steering!

That is far "better than" what my father in law did to harvest his corn!

So,

> most economically viable activities

is like a moving goal (goal post). Uh, humans are still plenty busy, e.g., writing good software, doing good research, Taylor Swift (supposedly worth $750 million) before her present world tour. Uh, I REALLY like Mirella Freni:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkHGUaB1Bs8

Sooo, defining the goal is a bit delicate: Need to be careful about nearly, what activities, and when?

Nearly all activities? Sort of already done that. What nearly all people do? Tough goal if the humans keep finding things to do AGI can't yet. I.e., we can keep giving the grunt work to the AGI -- and there is a lot of grunt work -- and then keep busy with what the AGI can't do yet in which case the nearly is a moving goal.

AGI, hurry up; there's a lot to do. For a start, I have some plans for a nice house, and the human workers want a lot of money. My car could use an oil change, and the labor will cost a lot more than the oil -- and I would have to tell the mechanic to be sure to trigger the switch that says there was just an oil change so that the car will know when to tell me it is time for another.

Yes, my little geometry problem with my thinking does qualify as a test of intelligence but due to the nearly and how delicate the definition is can fail the OpenAI test.

I don't see the current OpenAI work, the current direction of their work, or their definition of AGI as solving the geometry problem.

There is an activity my startup is to do: Some billions of people do this activity now. My startup should do the activity a lot better than the people or any current solution so should be "economically viable". I doubt that OpenAI is on track to do this activity nearly as well as my startup -- more, say, than the geometry problem. And I do not call my startup AGI or AI.

This situation stands to be so general that the OpenAI goal of nearly all will likely not be the way these activities get automated. Maybe 20 years from now when "nearly all" the activities are quite new and different, maybe the work of OpenAI will have a chance.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#596
post #50

Earlier quoted context omitted.

In reinforcement learning, Q* represents the optimal action-value function

which makes sense. you can pretty easily imagine the problem of "selecting the next token" as a tree of states, with actions transitioning from one to another, just like a game. And you already have naive scores for each of the states (the logits for the tokens). It's not hard to imagine applying well-known tree searching strategies, like monte-carlo tree search, minimax, etc. Or, in the case of Q*, maybe creating an…

Absolutely, maximizing conditional probabilities is easily modeled as a Markov decision process, which is why you can use RL to train Transformers so well (hence RLHF, I've also been experimenting with RL based training for Transformers for other applications - it's promising!). Using a transformer as a model for RL to try to choose tokens to maximize overall likelihood given immediate conditional likelihood estimation is something that I imagine many people experimented with, but I can see it being tricky enough for OpenAI to be the only ones to pull it off.

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#597
post #491

I feel very comfortable saying, as a mathematician, that the ability to solve grade school maths problems would not be at all a predictor of ability to solve real mathematical problems at a research level. The reason LLMs fail at solving mathematical problems is because: 1) they are terrible at arithmetic, 2) they are terrible at algebra, but most importantly, 3) they are terrible at complex reasoning (more specifica…

What I wonder, as a computer scientist: If you want to solve grade school math problems, why not use an 'add' instruction? It's been around since the 50s, runs a billion times faster than an LLM, every assembly-language programmer knows how to use it, every high-level language has a one-token equivalent, and doesn't hallucinate answers (other than integer overflow). We also know how to solve complex reasoning chains…

You're missing the point: who's using the 'add' instruction ? You. We want 'something' to think about using the 'add' instruction to solve a problem.

We want to remove the human from the solution design. It would help us tremendously tbh, just like I don't know, Google map helped me never to have to look for direction ever again ?

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#599
post #560
post #491

I feel very comfortable saying, as a mathematician, that the ability to solve grade school maths problems would not be at all a predictor of ability to solve real mathematical problems at a research level. The reason LLMs fail at solving mathematical problems is because: 1) they are terrible at arithmetic, 2) they are terrible at algebra, but most importantly, 3) they are terrible at complex reasoning (more specifica…

> I feel very comfortable saying, as a mathematician, that the ability to solve grade school maths problems would not be at all a predictor of ability to solve real mathematical problems at a research level. At some point in the past, you yourself were only capable of solving grade school maths problems.

[deleted]

Re: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster

#600
post #573

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Let's say a model runs through a few iterations and finds a small, meaningful piece of information via "self-play" (iterating with itself without further prompting from a human.) If the model then distills that information down to a new feature, and re-examines the original prompt with the new feature embedded in an extra input tensor, then repeats this process ad-infinitum, will the language model's "prime directive…

People have done experiments trying to get GPT-4 to come up with viable conjectures. So far it does such a woefully bad job that it isn't worth even trying. Unfortunately there are rather a lot of issues which are difficult to describe concisely, so here is probably not the best place. Primary amongst them is the fact that an LLM would be a horribly inefficient way to do this. There are much, much better ways, which…

After a year the entire argument you make boils down to “so far”.
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