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Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

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Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#521

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Lawyer here - that's not how these things work. This is definitely non-compliant. Injunctions are, intentionally, required only to "describe in reasonable detail the act or acts restrained or required". The key being "reasonable". They are not required to specify every detail, or every wrong or right thing, especially when the party being enjoined knows more of the details of how things work than the court does. You…

>You seem to think this is game of try to find legal loopholes. That is a good way to get thrown in a jail by a judge. What I don't get is that sometimes it seems that is the game, sometimes the legal loopholes are accepted and other times they are not. It feels one of the big benefits of hiring a good lawyer is that they know which loopholes are accepted and which are seen as spiting the authority of the courts.

Two things:

Don't confuse the adversarial process with the post-adversarial process.

Don't confuse civil and criminal cases.

On the first: The adversarial process is between two sides, maybe you and a company, or two companies, or you and the government, whatever. The adversarial process ends when someone wins or loses.

During the adversarial process, the judge is basically a referee. This is an oversimplification, but close enough. Beyond that, they mostly are trying to get all of the info out on the table, so the dispute can be resolved.

If you want to be an asshole to the other side, you can be as much of an asshole as the referee lets you get away with, and this is going to vary depending on lots of things. This is true in many contexts (sports, for example).

But once that's done, the judge is not a referee anymore. They decide the remedy. If you are an asshole to them, that is not going to go well.

This is also true in many contexts - talk shit to the guy who knocked you down on the pitch, maybe you get a yellow card. Talk shit to the ref after they card you, they'll throw your ass out of the game, and fine or suspend you afterwards for doing it.

On the second - criminal cases have both a different burden of proof, and a different effective set of expectations of behavior, because of the stakes.

FWIW - the various rules of professional conduct explicitly go into various roles and hats that lawyers (and judges) often wear, and the acceptable behaviors during those roles.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#522
post #270
post #257

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I agree, but I might phrase it a little bit differently. I recommend thinking about corporate stances as actions and interests, not moral intentions. Don’t expect a corporation to do things for moral reasons. Trust them only to the extent that their actions are in their self interest. To be fair, some organizations do have charters and interests that make them more palatable than others. One takeaway to startups that…

Sadly the openAI debacle has undermined faith in those kinds of structures as well.

Yes, OpenAI demonstrated one way not-for-profits can be commandeered. Altman appears to be quite astute at gaining power.

Every organizational design and structure has the potential to be subverted. Like cybersecurity, there are many tradeoffs to consider: continuity, adaptability, mission flexibility, and more. And they don’t exist in isolation. People are often going to seek influence and power one way or the other.

One more thing. Just because it is hard doesn’t mean we should work less hard on building organizations with durable values.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#523
post #520

Earlier quoted context omitted.

i'm aware of what lawyers tell you sometimes, since i am in fact, a lawyer in addition to being an engineer, but you have to think about the context as well. You aren't talking about trying to avoid another side finding it in mountains of discovery, you are talking about trying to avoid a judge who easily has the power to force your engineers to testify under oath about what they are doing, finding out about what you…

> If you are doing > something wrong, stop. You may be a lawyer, but this is clearly bad advice if your client was Apple. It's not like they couldn't afford competent legal advice, and surely they either knew they were flaunting the injunction, or could have predicted that the judge would take this view of their activity. So, they're set on doing the "wrong" thing, but could still use legal advice. What I'm amazed at…

At some point it has to be documented as to the decisions made and the reasoning.

If there is literally no documentation up until the final moment, doesn't that itself act as evidence that they were consciously and deliberately not wanting their reasoning documented?

Why not just do the right thing. Damn.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#524
post #432

I am concerned that the App Store has become the norm. For many young people, iPhones and iPads have been their only computer. Many have never seen a world where app developers can distribute independently. The NYT had an article out about ruling, and the number of people supporting the App Store was astounding. I think Apple has done a great job marketing the App Store as the reason for the security/UX of their plat…

> when in reality, it's the OS I disagree. Application developers have always been absolutely terrible at packaging. We see this all the time on linux, where publishers just fail to follow the packaging standard of the system, and instead develop an "installer" for their special little snowflake application. The OS cannot save you from that unless you also control distribution and can tell that publisher "you don't g…

> They'll run whatever garbage installer script the publisher gives them because they want the application.

OK, sure. Fine. Whatever.

Fuckin learn or get wrecked.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#525

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Therefore it's better to stay the hell away from companies who actively seek to take away your freedom.

I don't think there are any companies that care one way or the other about taking away your freedom. Companies are revenue maximizers, period. The ones that aren't quickly get displaced by ones that are. The simpler test is to stay away from any company that has anything to gain by taking away your freedom. THAT unfortunately is most of them. The depressing reality in consumer tech is that anything with a CPU doesn't…

> Companies are revenue maximizers, period.

This explanatory model explains a lot of what companies do but not all. It is a useful first approximation for many firms.

Still, the conceit of modeling an organization as a rational individual only gets you so far. It works for certain levels of analysis, I will grant. But to build more detailed predictive models, more complexity is needed. For example, organizational inertia is a thing. One would be wise to factor in some mechanism for constrained rationality and/or “irrational” deviations. CEOs often move in herds, for example.

> The ones that aren't quickly get displaced by ones that are.

Theory, meet history. But more seriously, will you lay out what you mean by quickly? And what does market data show? Has this been studied empirically? (I’m aware that it is a theoretical consequence of some particular market theories — but I don’t think successful financial modelers would make that claim without getting much more specific.)

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#526
post #339
post #278

The court decision itself is worth reading for a revealing look behind the curtain. [0] >> In Slack communications dated November 16, 2021, the Apple employees crafting the warning screen for Project Michigan discussed how best to frame its language. Mr. Onak suggested the warning screen should include the language: “By continuing on the web, you will leave the app and be taken to an external website” because “‘exter…

Unless the judge actually specified the type of language to be used, this seems completely compliant. Are they supposed to say "Please use our competitor. You'll find your experience with them far superior to what we provide" or something similar?

The 180-page injunction outline the reason for it and the goals of the injunction. They knew the court ruled against them for specific reasons but came up with a solution that didn't take into account any of the stated goals into account.

Their solution didn't address any of the goals of the injunction.

IANAL.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#527
post #482

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I know the current interpretation, but I also know that it's not logically sustainable. The key here is "reasonableness", but you can't read a judge's mind, so reasonable only means what a reasonable person would infer. That is completely subjective based on an individual's implicit biases and knowledge of all surrounding circumstances. For example, the dev team tasked with implementing this may not be familiar with…

Here's a great application of reasonable: your post is incredibly unreasonable. It's a long rant that is not based in the law, the application of "reasonability" in the law, or other examples of "good faith" standards being used. It's made without any expertise or direct relevant knowledge, yet it is offered with the authority and conviction as if you understood more about the law than the judge in question. Reasonab…

You didn't read what I wrote and that is apparent in your response. You didn't address any of the facts and instead just blindly parroted back the equivalent of "it's true because they say it's true". If you think I'm the first person to argue that the reasonableness standard is unreasonable, you'd be mistaken.

I stated that establishing reasonableness was hard enough with a jury of peers judging just one person in a more limited scope and more facts available and a very high burden of proof. The number of cases overturned based on differing views of "reasonableness" is proof that it isn't an objective standard of anything.

> Reasonable isn't a state of mind,

How can you define reasonableness without either directly or indirectly including subjectivity? If you add subjectiveness, then it is indeed a state of mind with different subjects (minds) having different conclusions.

Reasonableness is akin to Platonic Idealism. It assumes there is some hypothetical human who represents the reasonableness of humanity, but that is unreasonable.

As a simple example, would a reasonable person allow a trans person to use the bathroom of their choice? Ask a person on the left, a person on the right, a SME, and a trans person and you are likely to get a whole spectrum of reasonableness so wide that the two extremes would be complete opposites.

Would you trust the reasonableness of an all-white Mississippi jury judging a black man in the 1800s? This shows that reasonableness is at best a bad approximation of what the majority of the people in a specific group agree about a specific topic. This has almost nothing to do with objectivity and everything to do with subjectivity and is a state of mind rather than objective truth.

> how can your worldview ever deal with laws that DO involve a state of mind?

Mens Rea is taught to have both a subjective and objective component. The entire point of "beyond reasonable doubt" is that you should have clear indicators of the crime. This is no different with Mens Rea and someone should not be convicted strictly on a subjective "they look guilty to me" basis. The standard is still "beyond reasonable doubt" which means the overwhelming evidence for Mens Rea should be objective rather than subjective ("reasonableness" is subjective).

It is better to let the guilty go free than punish the innocent. If there is not objective evidence of Mens Rea beyond reasonable doubt, then there should not be a conviction on that charge. This is the only way to reduce wrongful conviction.

> This isn't some huge problem in the legal world, we rely on evidence and the reasonable conclusions and inferences you can make from the evidence.

This is a massive problem that you paper away until some trial makes the news and it is once again shown that there is very little agreement at large about what passes as "reasonable".

While we're on the topic, would you care to explain the utter unreasonable logic and outcomes behind qualified immunity? If you'd like a very specific example, what about the one where the cop draws his gun on a non-aggressive dog not caring that a little girl is behind it. He then shoots the girl instead of the dog and is protected by SCOTUS having crafted law out of nothing because it would be argued that he acted "reasonably" (even though it would 100% be a criminal conviction were the badge removed from the equation).

I'll say again that reasonableness is almost completely unreasonable.

All of this is speaking only of criminal law where the Mens Rea is (generally) limited to a single incident by a single person. When you involve many people (most not directly involved and some potentially from different places, cultures, and legal systems) over time and what all of them consider to be reasonable would be unreasonable enough. Making a judge qualified to judge the actions of these people as reasonable or unreasonable then hold an entirely different group of people (a group almost certainly unaware and with no reasonable means of becoming aware) responsible for those actions is also unreasonable.

And of course, a judge writing up stuff she isn't a SME in is going to be seen as unreasonable by a supermajority of people. Should the burger flipper at McDonalds be writing up criteria about how brain surgery should be conducted? Would you consider his judgement about how that brain surgery was conducted to be reasonable? I think not.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#528
post #288

Responding to a comment by bn-l, but also to the general sentiment about Apple and untrusted code I often see on hacker news. > The broader consumer base will install anything a bad actor wants them to and then blame the manufacturer for not stopping them with some draconian rule. Has this even happened? Has anyone ever sued and won the case with a laptop manufacturer (or Microsoft or Apple), because they downloaded…

> . If Apple really cares, they could provide a switch that allows users to disable installing "unverified" software.

This exists on the Mac. You can configure Gatekeeper to always allow unsigned executables and packages to run, and skip the "You should move this to the Trash it could damage your computer" BS prompts. You can only do this with a Configuration Profile.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#529
post #508

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm familiar with what exists -- I simply think it is flawed. I never said SMEs don't testify in civil cases. My contention was that the judge should have consulted SMEs when defining parts of the ruling outside her expertise. You aren't making a case for reasonableness as a concept. You are simply asserting that it exists, so it must continue to exist with the implication that it is good. You seem to be further impl…

> so it must continue to exist with the implication that it is good The purpose and reason why these concepts are absolutely good would be specifically because people like you, with your attitude exist. The purpose of the law isn't to play this game of bad faith find the loophole. Instead, the purpose is to make people follow both the letter and the intent of it. And The reason why vague concepts like this are good,…

Then we should just eliminate all the laws and instead pass one law that says "don't be evil" and just let the judges/juries make it up as they go.

The truth is that you don't believe your own argument. You want LOTS of laws specifying all kinds of unacceptable behaviors in great detail. You only differ from me in where that line should be drawn.

Re: Apple violated antitrust ruling, judge finds

#530
post #520

Earlier quoted context omitted.

i'm aware of what lawyers tell you sometimes, since i am in fact, a lawyer in addition to being an engineer, but you have to think about the context as well. You aren't talking about trying to avoid another side finding it in mountains of discovery, you are talking about trying to avoid a judge who easily has the power to force your engineers to testify under oath about what they are doing, finding out about what you…

> If you are doing > something wrong, stop. You may be a lawyer, but this is clearly bad advice if your client was Apple. It's not like they couldn't afford competent legal advice, and surely they either knew they were flaunting the injunction, or could have predicted that the judge would take this view of their activity. So, they're set on doing the "wrong" thing, but could still use legal advice. What I'm amazed at…

"So, they're set on doing the "wrong" thing, but could still use legal advice."

As a lawyer, that is your time to exit the scene. There are no airquotes that should be around wrong here. This isn't advocacy for some not-ethically-amazing legal position that has yet to be decided on. They lost already. They have already been found guilty. You are now under an active (IE not stayed) court order. If your client then is basically saying "well how do we ignore the court order and do the illegal thing anyway", helping them them is not defensible.

"What I'm amazed at up-thread is how seemingly incompetent they were at changing their workflow so they wouldn't hand the court evidence on a silver platter."

You (and others) are amazed because you think this would have worked. I don't know why. I mean, i kind of get it - I would guess you assume this because hiding things from showing up in discovery (a very different part of the process) used to work better. FWIW - It doesn't work anymore, either. See google being heavily sanctioned for doing exactly this, for example.

Beyond that - assume for a second that the lawyers involved are not morons. Assume they are instead, very smart people. Given that, why not assume that maybe your view of what would have worked might be wrong?

"In this case, surely they could have pulled all the stakeholders into a room with a whiteboard, and made sure nobody kept any records of the meeting."

Try it sometime after you get enjoined and see what the judge does to you. I've never seen it go well, but hey, maybe someone has.

While sometimes very smart people are idiots, it's not that common.

"but the end result would have been a bunch of "I think so-and-so wanted it more such-and-such"."

Uh, i think you are sort of dreaming here. Or just lying to the judge? Or maybe you've never actually been grilled by a judge in this situation. I dunno.

In any case, i think the judge would have gotten nearly the same info, if not more, but also would have been a lot more pissed and made a lot more criminal referrals :)

Lots of judges are former prosecutors, litigators, or defense attorneys.

Who don't get to have that kind of fun of cross-examining people, etc, anymore.

In this case she's a former private litigator for many years.

Good luck with your strategy of telling her "I dunno what happened, we just sort of talked about stuff".

This is like the scene from the dark knight where he wants to blackmail batman.

"Surely that's better than the sort of quotes the court could copy/paste into its decision."

I don't believe so. I think the judge would have written something making them look even more stupid, evil, and criminal.

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