This problem is known as "attribution" - you have a "no" or "without" in the sentence, but you don't know where it belongs. One could (and one does) argue that the problem cannot be solved with statistical methods (ML), especially not in any domain where accuracy is required, such as medical recored analysis: "no evidence of cancer" and "evidence of no cancer" are very different things. Zooming out, the language fiel…
I mean, context is key, right? You're on Amazon and your first search term is "shirts". Unless their is a band called "shirts without stripes", the user wants shirts. The rest of the query is probably some filter of that product. You know shirts sometimes have stripes. It's not a one-size-fits-all algorithm, but it's simple enough that the user should end up with the results they wanted.