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How to convert between wealth and income tax

paulgraham.com

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Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#51
> So in the median case, a state adding an additional 20% in income tax would have a total marginal tax rate of 37% + 4.75% + 20%, or 61.75%

Good! It should still be higher!

There's nothing more tone deaf than an uber wealthy man arguing he shouldn't pay more in taxes to the system that allows him to be uber wealthy and to be deliberately misleading at the same time.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#52
Yeah this ignores at least three things:

1. Most people do not derive even a fraction of their income from interest on wealth.

2. Earning income from interest on wealth requires zero effort. That isn't true for salaries.

3. Income and wealth are totally different things. You can find a way to equate them in one contrived example but there are so many other factors involved in the real world.

Billionaires gonna billionaire.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#53
This is a transparently misleading framing.

The very wealthy are paying very low effective rates on their investment gains. Various billionaires have publicly described the truth of this. This is not 20% on top of 35%. They are paying a marginal rate of 35% of deliberately minimized taxable income and zero on deliberately maximized unrealized gains. Then 20% when realized, but as we all know by now there are ways to make sure it’s never realized.

I don’t know what the best approach is here, but I know this framing is nonsense.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#54

> To convert between wealth and income tax rates, you have to divide by the rate of return on capital. The conversion rate of 20 comes from assuming that the risk-free rate of return is 5%. This seems to only be true for people whose income entirely comes from their wealth, rather than their labor. The math doesn't math for someone on the other extreme end of the spectrum who has zero savings or investments and obtai…

If you mean that a person with 0 savings pays 0 wealth tax, then sure. Most people when they earn income save some of it. Therefore it is wealth taxed.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#55
This is misleading and not the point of the wealth tax.

If you’re lucky enough that you don’t need to work for your income, you should be taxed. A lot. How much? Enough to make sure you don’t become so rich that your children don’t need to work.

Being rich is not fair, it’s very rarely deserved, and it needs to be taxed unfairly.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#56
This is wrong. You can’t convert between the two because it’s possible to have a lot of wealth with very little (even zero) income. Billionaires can completely avoid income taxes by paying themselves a very low salary and instead borrowing money against their assets (usually stock), which is not taxed as income.

Source: The Second Estate by Ray Madoff (2025)

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#57

[flagged]

This just isn't true, unless you're the president. Who is the single largest taxpayer in US history? I'll wait while you google it.

Prof G Markets podcast just had an episode on this with Ray Madoff. They talk about the claim that "the top 1% of Americans pay 40% of the income tax". But Ray points out that is misleading because the 1% is basically lawyers, physicians, accountants etc that make like $500,000/yr. These people still pay income tax and that's the group paying 40% of income tax. What that claim misses is the 0.1% that pay 0 income tax because they have no income. The claim makes people believe that the billionaires are the ones paying that huge sum but we fail to realize that the 1% is our neighbours, not just the billionaires flying private jets across the world.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#58
His math is correct, but the conclusion is wrong.

Income is money that comes from actually laboring and contributing to society. Wealth tax is tax from sitting on your ass doing nothing.

Also, taxes don’t have to be a flat percentage. Like income tax, a good wealth tax would be progressive. Only wealth beyond a certain amount would be taxed, and the percentages would scale.

This is why we should have income taxes that are as low as possible, but still progressively scaled. We should similarly have a progressive scaling wealth tax, but it should be much harsher than the income tax because we want people to work.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#59

If you want to understand why someone would even propose taking from the rich and complain about inequality, this post titled "Inequality Talk Is About Grabbing " is illuminating: https://www.overcomingbias.com/p/inequality-is-about-grabbin...

I can't speak for others, but this doesn't match my thinking at all. I want to heavily tax the ultra rich because money is power, and vast inequality in power is undemocratic and just plain dangerous. I don't really care if somebody buys ten massive yachts. It's annoying and seems wasteful but it's not worth too much of my attention. But it's another matter if somebody buys politicians, laws, social change. The issue…

Easily solved, remove the power centers and then the billionaires will have no power to buy or influence with their money.

Re: How to convert between wealth and income tax

#60
post #21

I don’t follow the debate and situation in the US that closely but isn’t (part of) the point of wealth tax to offset the fact that rich people are routinely avoiding paying income tax and taxes in general? Thus even if we assume the simplistic conversion here, it’s not that they’re moved from 40->60 bracket but more like <30 ?

Yes. And that wealthy individuals are avoiding taxes via things like buy -> borrow -> die, in which high stock valuations that increase but are not sold are not ever taxed, and roll over the taxation potential upon death to their current value. Thus by borrowing against them until death, the inheritor will inherit with a tax basis at the current value upon receipt and thus all taxes are avoided. In which case the tax would go from 0% to 20% (functionally a small amount may be sold to pay interest, so really assume 1% or 2% taxes default). The horror!
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