Good lord, that sounds horrible.
> Making mistakes will kill you
Your place of work is terrible. When there's a bug in my code, it's because I made a mistake, but it's also because A) my code reviewers didn't catch it, and B) the testers didn't catch it. In a decent organization, blame should be spread and the reaction to problems should be systemic.
> Your wage is shitty
Your place of work is terrible. I had more money than I knew what to do with starting out.
> Get used to being the go-to guy for all the boring work
This is somewhat true, but starting out, many things are new to you, so even if they'd suck for a more experienced dev, it's still good stuff build a foundation on.
> Give your boss respect, he may be friendly but he isn't one of your friends, you can joke with him but at the end of the day don't forget that this (wo)man pays your wages and evaluates your work
I've considered lots of my bosses my friends. Give your boss respect if they earn it. If they don't, complain to someone you DO respect or leave. Also: I've had several reviews mention my sense of humor as a positive.
> Slow down at the start
Don't try to impress anybody. Just do your best because why would you do anything else? And if you're slowing down, it's because they're giving you boring work. Talk to your boss or go find better work.
> Always be early, never be late
Your place of work is terrible. They don't trust you. (My hypothesis: they're projecting their own poor work ethic onto you.) I can work 7am-4pm, or 8-5, or 9-6, or whatever. I can come in late whenever and nobody bats an eye, because I am trusted.
> Arrogance is bad.
Sure, of course, so just mind how you speak. Be good-natured and generous in your assessment of others.
> Your boss wants to appear to be an all singing, all dancing super coder and until you have a few more years under your belt, your opinion is largely invalid.
Your place of work is terrible. Nobody should expect you to be a genius, and your opinion does matter. If they respected you, they'd ask your opinion, and constructively criticize your ideas so that you improve.
In case I forgot to mention it: your place of work is terrible. It is not like this everywhere. Don't start feeling trapped, though: feel empowered. You deserve better.